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News Benefits of Enoxaparin Prophylaxis in Pregnancy and Postpartum
Study results suggest that the use of low molecular weight heparins during pregnancy could lead to better outcomes for women with thrombophilia and recurrent miscarriages. A group of authors from Israel compared the differences in efficacy when administering two different doses of enoxaparin to women with hereditary thrombophilia and a history of two or more spontaneous miscarriages or one fetal death without obvious cause.
News Targeted Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Tumors – Updates from ESMO 2020 Congress
The recent European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress took place virtually. We bring you a brief summary of the presentations related to the treatment of HER2-positive breast tumors.
News Association between Hypothyroidism, Depression, and Anxiety Disorder – Results of Meta-Analyses
The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in the USA ranges between 4 and 13%. Subclinical hypothyroidism affects 3–8.5% of the general population. Patients with this condition are at risk not only from somatic manifestations. The meta-analyses presented below examined the association between hypothyroidism and the incidence of psychiatric disorders – depressive and anxiety disorders. One of the meta-analyses also evaluated the effect of levothyroxine administration on the incidence of depression in individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism.
News Romiplostim in Life-Threatening Bleeding Situations − Case Reports
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, or immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), typically manifests as bleeding due to a low platelet count. Some bleeding episodes can be life-threatening or fatal. Clinical experience suggests that in acute bleeding complications, whether in acute ITP or exacerbations of chronic ITP, early use of the thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA) romiplostim can be beneficial. Japanese authors have described three case reports of severe diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) associated with various underlying conditions.
News How to Reduce the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Users of Combined Hormonal Contraceptives?
The use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) is a known risk factor for thromboembolism. Therefore, we should consider the individual risk of each patient before prescribing COCs. Women with a positive personal or family history of thromboembolic events should undergo molecular genetic testing for the presence of thrombophilic mutations.
News Development of Albuminuria During Treatment with ACE Inhibitors and Sartans
Individual molecules from the class of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors display various distinct properties at the molecular level, and their renoprotective potential may differ. A study by Korean authors observed the development of renal parameters in individuals with albuminuria during the first 3 months after the initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), also known as sartans.
News Predictors and Rate of Anticoagulant Therapy Discontinuation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
With the worldwide increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), the use of anticoagulants (warfarin, DOACs – direct oral anticoagulants) to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke (iCMP) is also rising. However, continuous use is essential. An Australian study analyzed available national data to investigate the rate of therapy discontinuation for individual anticoagulants and the predictors of persistence on treatment.
News Reduction of Inflammation in Vertebral Bodies and Posterolateral Structures of the Spine in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Tofacitinib
A post hoc analysis of a phase II study with tofacitinib in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) evaluated the suppression of spinal inflammation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on the Canadian-Danish scoring system (CANDEN), which allows for the assessment of changes in posterolateral structures of the spine, characteristic of AS involvement.
News Detection of von Willebrand Disease
Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is an autosomal hereditary bleeding disorder. Its detection and diagnosis require several steps, including the initial suspicion of the presence of this disease.
News IEC 2023: Key Challenges for Epilepsy Patients Include Status Epilepticus and Anxiety Management
Why is anxiety a significant issue for epilepsy patients? What do current insights say about the connection between epilepsy and anxiety? Can artificial intelligence be used to predict status epilepticus (SE)? And what is known about the development of late epilepsy following new SE? These and other topics were discussed in September 2023 in Dublin during the 35th International Epilepsy Congress (IEC 2023).
News Profile of the effect of aclidinium bromide compared to glycopyrronium bromide
A study by Spanish authors examined the profiles of 2 long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMA), aclidinium bromide and glycopyrronium bromide, under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
News Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Substitution in Ig-Naive Patients with PID – Available Efficacy and Safety Data
The prevalence of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) is estimated at 1:10,000. Below, we summarize the available findings on the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution in Ig-naive patients (i.e., without prior immunoglobulin substitution).
News Is it possible to extend the life of diabetics thanks to modern treatment?
People aged 60 with type 2 diabetes are estimated to live on average 6-7 years less compared to their peers without a diabetes diagnosis. However, clinical study results suggest that modern therapy can prevent these lost years.
News “Think about the thyroid gland during pregnancy,” reminds awareness campaign
Thyroid disorders can endanger the health of both the fetus and the mother. Sometimes, however, the problem only manifests during pregnancy, and the expectant mother or her doctor might not notice it amidst other ongoing changes. The issue was highlighted by an event called “Thyroid Week,” which took place in the Czech Republic during the last week of May 2020.
News Excellent effect of sotorasib in a higher line of treatment in a patient with NSCLC with G12C mutation of KRAS – a case study
We present a case study of an elderly patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with the selective KRASG12C inhibitor sotorasib in the 5th line of oncological treatment, but with a very exceptional effect.
News Sotorasib in the Treatment of a Patient with NSCLC and DIC – A Case Report
Sotorasib is the first clinically used inhibitor of the KRAS oncogene with the G12C mutation. Its efficacy in the targeted treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still under research, but it is expected to bring significant benefits. The effect of sotorasib in a patient with a low baseline performance status (PS) and active brain metastases is presented in the following case report.
News Impact of Early Administration of High Protein Dose on Mortality of Critically Ill Patients
Energy intake and the composition of individual macronutrients in patients in intensive care units (ICUs) can influence treatment outcomes in terms of the incidence of complications, duration of mechanical ventilation, or mortality.
News 6-year data from the ECHELON-1 study: How does combining brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy affect overall survival of previously untreated cHL patients?
At this year's annual congress of the European Hematology Association (EHA), results from the analysis of 6-year data from the international randomized open-label phase III ECHELON-1 study on overall survival of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) stage III/IV who received a combination of brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment were presented, among other findings.
News Quantitative CT as a New Tool for Evaluating COPD in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
For such a rare hereditary disorder as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), we have so far used functional tests as the main tool for monitoring the progression of lung disease. Now we are moving further. Quantitative CT examination is even more advantageous in terms of assessing clinical development.
News Inhibition of Mutated KRAS Protein as a New Option for Targeted Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
RAS proteins are molecular switches for several intracellular signaling pathways. Their dysfunction due to mutation leads to the development and progression of malignant diseases such as colon or lung cancers. At the beginning of 2022, the inhibitor of the mutated KRAS protein, sotorasib, was approved. The following article outlines the effect of this first representative of a new drug group and its potential in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
News With Prof. Pavel Žák about Current Trends and Future Perspectives in Bone Marrow Transplantation and the Role of Carmustine in this Context
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has an indispensable place in the treatment of hemato-oncological diseases. We discuss current trends in this area, the significance and benefits of carmustine, the choice between BEAM and TEAM regimens, and the future of bone marrow transplantation in the context of new technologies with the head of the 4th Department of Hematology of the Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Prof. MUDr. Pavel Žák, Ph.D.
News Deficit Alpha-1-Antitrypsin as an Underestimated Problem? What a Survey Among European Experts Revealed
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a congenital disorder caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene. Although it is very well described, it is considered underdiagnosed and undertreated. A recent international survey conducted among specialists on this issue aimed to determine the current situation in Europe.
News Doc. Tomáš Gabrhelík: Pain treatment should be seriously addressed by all fields, especially in seniors
Chronic pain is often underestimated, especially in older and polymorbid patients. On the other hand, during self-treatment, many patients use inappropriate medication for a long time. The treatment of prolonged and more intense pain should be managed by an algologist, and other specialists should not forget to monitor the patient's documentation to avoid medication duplication and other risks arising from inappropriate prescription. We discuss the pitfalls and benefits of analgesic treatment with doc. MUDr. Tomáš Gabrhelík, Ph.D., from the pain treatment clinic at the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc.
News Comparison of BEAM and TEAM Conditioning Regimens Before Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Lymphomas
At the beginning of this year, one of the few studies comparing the most commonly used conditioning regimen before autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with lymphomas (BEAM) with a regimen containing thiotepa instead of carmustine (TEAM) was published.