#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Life expectancy of people with type 1 diabetes in the past and today


Authors: Zdeněk Rušavý;  Silvie Lacigová
Authors‘ workplace: Diabetologické centrum I. interní kliniky LF UK a FN Plzeň, přednosta prof. MUDr. Martin Matějovič, Ph. D.
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2014; 60(9): 765-771
Category:

Overview

The life expectancy of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) dramatically improved after the discovery of insulin in 1922, but was still 25 years shorter than that of non-diabetic population. Some people with T1DM, however, lived to the same age as a non-diabetic population and had no late complications of diabetes. They began to be awarded medals in appreciation of their long life with diabetes. They also became the subject of a research examining why they lived so long and what was the difference between them and those patients with T1DM, whose lives were much shorter. The paper deals with the differences observed in the ´medallists´ and discusses various hypotheses that might account for them. It seems that reliable control of diabetes within the first 20 years following the diagnosis is very important, in relation to the existence of “glycemic memory“ which may significantly affect life expectancy in the following years. Human lifespan in general has been linearly extended since the early 19th century and the same holds for lifespans of people with T1DM. This is due to the higher quality control of glycemia on the one hand, and a better prevention and treatment of complications. It is observed that the incidence of terminal stages of diabetic nephropathy has been dropping, the primary as well as secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications, cardiological treatment and heart surgery have been improving. Manifest proteinuria, diabetic neuropathy and hypertension appear to be major prognostic factors of increased mortality. If these indicators are not present, the life expectancy of patients with T1DM does not significantly differ from that of the non-diabetic population.

Key words:
diabetic nephropathy – glycemia – glycemic memory – ICHS – late complications of diabetes – mortality – prognosis – type1 diabetes mellitus


Sources

1. Dostupné z WWW: <http://www.joslin.org>.

2. Bain SC, Gill GV, Dyer PH et al. Characteristics of type 1 diabetes of over 50 years duration (the Golden Years Cohort). Diabet Med 2003; 20(10): 808–811.

3. Cochran HA, Marble A, Galloway JA. Factors in the survival of patients with insulin-requiring diabetes for 50 years. Diabetes care 1979; 2(4): 363–368.

4. Ewert J, Lawler E, Bogan H et al. Morbidity profiles of centenarians survivors delayers and escapers. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003; 58(3): 232–237.

5. Nerelius C1, Alvelius G, Jörnvall H. N-terminal segment of proinsulin C-peptide active in insulin interaction/desaggregation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010; 403(3–4): 462–467.

6. Hills CE, Brunskill NJ, Squires PE. C-peptide as a therapeutic tool in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 2010; 31(5): 389–397.

7. Kamiya H1, Zhang W, Sima AA. The benefical effects of C-peptide on diabetic polyneuropathy. Review Diab Studies 2009; 6(3): 187–202.

8. Hills CE, Brunskill NJ. Cellural and physiological effects of C-peptide. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009; 116(7): 565–574.

9. Gale EAM. How to survive diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52(4): 559–567.

10. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329(14): 977–986.

11. Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY et al (DCCT/EDIC study research group). Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(25): 2643–2653.

12. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000; 321(7258): 405–412.

13. Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J et al. ADVANCE collaborative group. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358(24): 2560–2572.

14. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al. Intensive glucose control and complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360(2): 129–139.

15. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RPet al (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group). Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358(24): 2545–2559.

16. Gerstein HC, Bosch J, Dagenais GR et al (ORIGIN trial investigators). Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(4): 319–328.

17. Gilbert RE, Mann JFE, Hanefeld M et al (ORIGIN trial investigators). Basal insulin margine and microvascular outcomes in dysglycaemic individuals: reset of the Outcome Reduction with an initial glargine intervention (ORIGIN) trial. Diabetologia 2014; 57(7): 1325–1331.

18. Šoupal J, Škrha jr. J, Fajmon M et al. Glycemic variability is higher in type 1 diabetes patiens with microvascular complications irrespective of glycemic control. Diabetes Technol Ther 2014; 16(4): 198–203.

19. Hirakawa Y, Arima H, Zoungas S et al. Impact of visit-to-visit glycemic variability on the risk of macrovascular and microvascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes. The ADVANCE TRIAL. Diab Care 2014; 37(8):2359–2365.

20. Barzilai N, Gabriely I, Gabriely M et al. Offspring of centenarians have a favorable lipid profile. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49(1): 76–79.

21. Booth GL, Kapral MK, Fung K et al. Relation between age and cardiovascular disease in men and women with diabetes compared with non-diabetic people a population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2006; 368(9529): 29–36.

22. Samani NJ, van der Harst P. Biological aging and cardiovascular disease. Heart 2008; 94(5): 537–539.

23. Borch-Johnsen K, Nissen H, Henriksen E et al. The natural history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 1. Long-term survival with and without late diabetic complications. Diab Med 1987; 4(3): 201–210.

24. Borch-Johnsen K, Nissen H, Henriksen E et al. The natural history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 2. Long-term survival – who and why. Diab Med 1987; 4(3): 211–216.

25. Morimoto A, Onda Y, Nishimura R et al. Cause-specific mortality trends in a nationwide population-based cohort of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in Japan during 35 years of folow-up: the DERI Mortality Study. Diabetologia 2013; 56(10): 2171–2175.

26. Bruno G, Cerutti F, Merletti F et al (Piedmont Study Group for diabetes epidemiology). Short-term mortality risk in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes: the population-based Registry of the Province of Turin, Italy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 19(5): 340–344.

27. Miller RG, Secrest AM, Sharma RK et al. Improvements in the life expectancy of type 1 diabetes: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study cohort. Diabetes 2012; 61(11): 2987–2992.

28. Pambianco G, Costacou T, Ellis D et al. The 30-year natural history of type 1 diabetes complications: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study experience. Diabetes 2006; 55(5): 1463–1469.

29. Svensson M, Nystrom L, Schon S et al. Age at onset of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes and the development of end-stage renal disease. Diabetes Care 2006; 29(3): 538–542.

30. DCCT/EDIC research group. Sustained effect of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus on development and progression of diabetic nefropathy: the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. JAMA 2003; 290(16): 2159–2167.

31. Naci H, Ioannidis JP. Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions on mortality outcomes: metaepidemiological study. BMJ 2003; 347: 347:f5577. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5577>.

32. Gregg EW, Li Y, Wang J et al. Changes in diabetes-related complications in the United States, 1990–2010. N Engl J Med 2014; 370(16): 1514–1523.

33. Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA et al. The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation 2014; 129(14): 1493–1501.

34. Soedamah-Muthu SS, Chaturvedi N, Witte DR et al. Relationship between risk factors and mortality in type 1 diabetic patients in Europe: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study (PCS). Diab Care 2008; 31(7): 1360–1366.

35. Mäkinen VP, Forsblom C, Thorn LM et al. on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group. Metabolic phenotypes, vascular complications, and premature deaths in a population of 4,197 patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2008; 57(9): 2480–2487.

36. Oeppen J, Vaupel JW. Demography. Broken limits to life expectancy. Science 2002; 296(5570): 1029–1031.

Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicine

Article was published in

Internal Medicine

Issue 9

2014 Issue 9

Most read in this issue
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#