Radiocontrast Induced Nephropathy

Overview

Recently the number of examinations by imaging methods where it is necessary to administeran iodine radio contrast material by the intravascular route is increasing. This may becomplicated by nephropathy, i.e. impaired renal function as a result of the haemodynamic andtoxic effect of the radio contrast material.Themost important risks which promote the incidenceof nephropathies are renal insufficiency, dehydration and the dose of the radio contrastmaterial.Nephropathy is suggested by a significant rise of serum creatinine (Scr) by 44-177
mol/l by25-50% resp. of the baseline value. The nephropathy is as a rule reversible but may lead to renalfailure.The Scr values are estimated before and 24-48 hours after administration of the contrastsubstance. Useful prevention of nephropathy is adequate hydration of the patient before andafter administration of the contrast material which will reduce its concentration in the kidneysand maintaina a faster flow of tubular fluid. To nephropathies caused by contrast materialattention must be paid not only in hospitalized patients but also during out-patient examinations.

Key words:
contrast substance - nephropathy - risk - prevention.