Prevalence study of nosocomial infections in university hospitals in the Czech Republic
Authors:
J. Smetana; B. Čečetková; R. Chlíbek
Authors‘ workplace:
Katedra epidemiologie, Fakulta vojenského zdravotnictví Univerzity obrany, Hradec Králové
Published in:
Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 63, 2014, č. 4, s. 251-258
Category:
Review articles, original papers, case report
Overview
Objective:
In 2005–2010, a nosocomial infection prevalence study was conducted in 12 university hospitals, namely at the departments of surgery, urology, neurology, cardiology, neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngology, and traumatology. The primary objective was to evaluate the overall epidemiological situation of nosocomial infections (NI) at the highest risk departments of selected healthcare facilities in the Czech Republic and to characterize the NI detected.
Methods:
To collect data, a questionnaire survey method was used, as it suited the routine operation conditions in healthcare facilities and was inexpensive, easy to understand, reproducible, and repeatable if needed. The questionnaire was designed according to the protocol recommended by the working group HELICS (Hospital in Europe Link for Infection Control through Surveillance). In each of the participating hospitals, the medical records of all patients hospitalized at the respective departments were analyzed. The patient data, hospitalization data, potential risk factors, and occurrence of hospital infection, if any, were derived from the medical records and entered in the questionnaire.
Results:
Overall, data on 1889 hospitalized patients were analyzed. Eighty-one confirmed NI cases were found, i.e. the prevalence rate in this study was 4.3% (the percentage of HI per the number of hospitalized patients), which is in agreement with the recent data reported in the European Union. The most common causative agents were Pseudomonas spp. (16%), Staphylococcus aureus (15%), Escherichia coli (12%), Proteus spp. (10%), and Klebsiella spp. (4%), with the urinary tract (41%) and respiratory tract (23%) being affected most often.
Key words:
hospital infection – prevalence study – risk factors
Sources
1. Čečetková B, Kancelová Z, Chlíbek R. Nozokomiální nákazy. Prakt. Lék., 2010;90(3):152–156.
2. Eriksen HM, Iversen BG, Aavitsland P. Prevalence of nosocomial infections in hospitals in Norway, 2002 and 2003. J Hosp Infect, 2005;60(1):40–45.
3. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual Epidemiological Report on Communicable Diseases in Europe 2008. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2008, 320 s. ISBN 978-92-9193-137-8.
4. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual Epidemiological Report on Communicable Diseases in Europe 2010. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2010, 181 s. ISBN 978-92-9193-222-1.
5. Gardner JS, Jarwis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control, 1998;16(3):128–140.
6. Gikas A, Pediaditis J, Papadakis JA, Starakis J, Levidiotou S, et al. Prevalence study of hospital-acquired infections in 14 Greek hospitals: planning from the local to the national surveillance level. J Hosp Infect, 2002;50(4):269–275.
7. Good Epidemiological Practise (GEP). IEA guidelines for proper conduct in epidemiologic research. 2007 [online]. [cit. 2014-02-21]. Dostupné na www: http://ieaweb.org/good-epidemiological-practice-gep/
8. Haley RW, Culver DH, White JW, Morgan WM, Emori TG, et al. The efficacy of infection surveillance and central programs in preventing nosocomial infections in US Hospitals (SENIC). Am. J. Epidemiology, 1985;121(2):182–205.
9. Havlík J., et al. Infekční nemoci. 2. vyd. Praha: Galén, 2002, 186 s. ISBN 80-72621-73-4.
10. Kolářová M, Šrámková H, Príkazský V, et al. Příspěvek k surveillance nemocničních infekcí. Zprávy CEM (SZÚ, Praha), 2006;5:212–214.
11. Lizioli A, Privitera G, Alliata E, Antonietta Banfi EM, Boselli L, et al. Prevalence of nosocomial infections in Italy: results from the Lombardy survey in 2000. J Hosp Infect, 2003;54(2):141–148.
12. Marx D, Vlcek F. Národní akreditační standardy pro nemocnice. 2. vyd. Praha: Spojená akreditační komise ČR a Tigis, 2008, 103 s. ISBN 978-80-903750-6-2.
13. Mertens R, Van den Berg JM, Fabry J, Jepsen OB. HELICS: a European project to standardise the surveillance of hospital acquired infection, 1994-1995. Euro Surveill, 1996;1(4):pii=154. Dostupné na www: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=154.
14. Podstatová H. Hygiena provozu zdravotnických zařízení a nová legislativa. 1. vyd. Olomouc: EPAVA, 2002, 267 s., ISBN 80-86297-10-1.
15. Schejbalová M, Bencko V. Historie, současné problémy a šance v prevenci nozokomiálních nákaz. Prakt Lék, 2008; 88(5):293–295.
16. Schreinerová MG, Šrámová H, Šebestová H, Procházka B, Černý V. Prevalenční studie NI v ČR v r. 2009 na odděleních ARO a JIP s invazivní umělou plicní ventilací. Zprávy CEM (SZÚ, Praha), 2011;20(8):280–290.
17. Sramova H, Bartonova A, Bolek S, Krecmerova M, Subertova V. National prevalence survey of hospital-acquired infections in Czechoslovakia. J Hosp Infect, 1988;11(4):328-334.
18. Šrámová H, et al. Nozokomiální nákazy II. 1. vyd. Praha: Maxdorf, 2001, 303 s., ISBN 80-85912-25-2
19. Van der Kooi TII, Mannien J, Wille JC, Van Benthem BHB. Prevalence of nosocomial infections in The Netherlands, 2007-2008: results of the first four national studies. J Hosp Infect, 2010;75(3):168–172.
20. Vaque J, Rossello J, Arribas JL. Prevalence of nosocomial infections in Spain: EPINE study 1990–1997. J Hosp Infect, 1999;43 Suppl., S105–111.
21. Vyhláška č. 306/2012 Sb., o podmínkách předcházení vzniku a šíření infekčních onemocnění a o hygienických požadavcích na provoz zdravotnických zařízení a ústavů sociální péče. Dostupné na: http://aplikace.mvcr.cz/sbirka-zakonu/.
22. Zákon č. 258/2000 Sb., o ochraně veřejného zdraví. Dostupné na: http://aplikace.mvcr.cz/sbirka-zakonu/.
23. Zákon č. 372/2011 Sb., o zdravotních službách a podmínkách jejich poskytování (zákon o zdravotních službách). Dostupné na: http://aplikace.mvcr.cz/sbirka-zakonu/.
Labels
Hygiene and epidemiology Medical virology Clinical microbiologyArticle was published in
Epidemiology, Microbiology, Immunology
2014 Issue 4
Most read in this issue
- Prevalence study of nosocomial infections in university hospitals in the Czech Republic
- Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in patients with suspected Lyme borreliosis
- Current situation in clinical trials with vaccines in the Czech Republic
-
Infections caused by non-Typhi serovars of Salmonella at the
Infectious Diseases Clinic of the University Hospital Brno in 2011–2013