#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Chromosomal Integration of the Sixth Human Herpes Virus (HHV-6)


Authors: Hubáček Petr 1,2;  Hrdličková Alena 2;  Zajac Miroslav 1
Authors‘ workplace: Ústav lékařské mikrobiologie 2. lékařské fakulty UK a Fakultní nemocnice v Motole 1;  Klinika dětské hematologie a onkologie 2. lékařské fakulty UK a Fakultní nemocnice v Motole 2
Published in: Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 61, 2012, č. 3, s. 58-66

Overview

Two closely related and commonly found human herpesviruses HHV-6 A and HHV-6 B are classified into the sixth human herpes virus complex (HHV-6). Primary infection with HHV-6 often takes place in early childhood and it can be either asymptomatic or manifests itself as sixth disease (caused by HHV-6 B). HHV-6 remains present in a latent form in the body with the potential for virus reactivation. The article points out the phenomenon of chromosomal integration of HHV‑6 (Ci-HHV-6) which is found in about 1% of the population and, unlike the commonly spread HHV-6 infection, has become hereditary, with its pathological potential in Ci-HHV-6 DNA carriers remaining unknown. Therefore, the focus on clinical consequences of Ci-HHV-6 is of high relevance to the therapeutic strategy for patients with high HHV-6 positivity in molecular biological tests.

Key words:
sixth human herpesvirus – molecular biology – PCR – chromosome


Sources

1. Ablashi, D., Diluca, D., Pellett, P. E. Recognition of Human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B as distinct herpesvirus species. 8th International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses – update, Report No.: 2011.005a-cV.A.v2 Roseolovirus-2sp,rensp.pdf. Dostupný na www: <http://talk.ictvonline.org/files/ictv_official_taxonomy_updates_since_the_8th_report/m/vertebrate-official/default. aspx>.

2. Ablashi, D. V. et al. Human herpesvirus-6 strain groups: a nomenclature. Arch. Virol., 1993, vol. no. 129, p. 363–366.

3. Arbuckle, J. H. et al. The latent human herpesvirus-6A genome specifically integrates in telomeres of human chromosomes in vivo and in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2010, vol. 107, no. 12, p. 5563–5568.

4. Arbuckle, J. H., Medveczky, P. G. The molecular biology of human herpesvirus-6 latency and telomere integration. Microbes Infect., 2011, vol. 13, no. 8–9, p. 731–741.

5. Caserta, M. T. et al. Diagnostic assays for active infection with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). J. Clin. Virol., 2010, vol. 48, no. 1, p. 55–57.

6. Clark, D. A. et al. Transmission of integrated human herpesvirus 6 through stem cell transplantation: implications for laboratory diagnosis. J. Infect. Dis., 2006, vol. 193, no. 7, p. 912–916.

7. Clark, D. A. et al. Reply to Boutolleau et al. and Luppi et. al. J. Infect. Dis., 2006, vol. 194, no. 7, p. 1021–1023.

8. Daibata, M. et al. Inheritance of chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 DNA. Blood, 1999, vol. 94, no. 5, p. 1545–1549.

9. De Bolle, L., Naesens, L., De Clercq, E. Update on human herpesvirus 6 biology, clinical features, and therapy. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2005, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 217–245.

10. De Pagter, P. J. et al. Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6: transmission via cord blood-derived unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant., 2010, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 130–132.

11. Hubacek, P. et al. Disappearance of pre-existing high HHV-6 DNA load in blood after allogeneic SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant., 2007, vol. 40, no. 8, p. 805–806.

12. Hubacek, P. et al. Failure of multiple antivirals to affect high HHV-6 DNAaemia resulting from viral chromosomal integration in case of severe aplastic anaemia. Haematologica, 2007, vol. 92, no. 10, p. e98–e100.

13. Hubacek, P. et al. Prevalence of HHV-6 integrated chromosomally among children treated for acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukemia in the Czech Republic. J. Med. Virol., 2009, vol. 81, no. 2, p. 258–263.

14. Hubacek, P. et al. HHV-6 DNA throughout the tissues of two stem cell transplant patients with chromosomally integrated HHV-6 and fatal CMV pneumonitis. Br. J. Haematol., 2009, vol. 145, no. 3, p. 394–398.

15. Humar, A. et al. An assessment of herpesvirus co-infections in patients with CMV disease: correlation with clinical and virologic outcomes. Am. J. Transplant., 2009, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 374–381.

16. Jeulin, H. et al. Contribution of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) viral load in whole blood and serum to investigate integrated HHV-6 transmission after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J. Clin. Virol., 2009, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 43–46.

17. Josephs, S. F. et al. Genomic analysis of the human B‑lymphotropic virus (HBLV). Science, 1986, vol. 234, no. 4776, p. 601–603.

18. Kamble, R. T. et al. Transmission of integrated human herpesvirus-6 in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant., 2007, vol. 40, no. 6, p. 563–566.

19. Kaufer, B. B., Jarosinski, K. W., Osterrieder, N. Herpesvirus telomeric repeats facilitate genomic integration into host telomeres and mobilization of viral DNA during reactivation. J. Exp. Med., 2011, vol. 208, no. 3, p. 605–615.

20. Kishi, M. et al. Inverted repeat regions of Marek’s disease virus DNA possess a structure similar to that of the a sequence of herpes simplex virus DNA and contain host cell telomere sequences. J. Virol., 1991, vol. 65, no. 6, p. 2791–2797.

21. Klein, L. et al. Antigen presentation in the thymus for positive selection and central tolerance induction. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2009, vol. 9, no. 12, p. 833–844.

22. Lee, S. O. et al. Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6 in kidney transplant recipients. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2011, vol. 26, no. 7, p. 2391–2393.

23. Lee, S. O., Brown, R. A., Razonable, R. R. Clinical significance of pretransplant chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6 in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation, 2011, vol. 92, no. 2, p. 224–229.

24. Ljungman, P. et al. Management of CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7 and Kaposi-sarcoma herpesvirus (HHV-8) infections in patients with hematological malignancies and after SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant., 2008, vol. 42, no. 4, p. 227–240.

25. Luo, W. J. et al. Epstein-Barr virus is integrated between REL and BCL-11A in American Burkitt lymphoma cell line (NAB-2). Lab. Invest., 2004, vol. 84, no. 9, p. 1193–1199.

26. Morissette, G., Flamand, L. Herpesviruses and chromosomal integration. J. Virol., 2010, vol. 84, no. 23, p. 12100–12109.

27. Mukai, T. et al. Molecular epidemiological studies of human herpesvirus 6 in families. J. Med. Virol., 1994, vol. 42, no. 3, p. 224–227.

28. Nacheva, E. P. et al. Human herpesvirus 6 integrates within telomeric regions as evidenced by five different chromosomal Sites. J. Med. Virol., 2008, vol. 80, no. 11, p. 1952–1958.

29. Nicholls, C. et al. Molecular regulation of telomerase activity in aging. Protein Cell, 2011, vol. 2, no. 9, p. 726–738.

30. Pellett, P. E. et al. Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6: questions and answers. Rev. Med. Virol., 2011, vol. E-pub ahead of print, no. s. 

31. Pradillo, M., Santos, J. L. The template choice decision in meiosis: is the sister important? Chromosoma, vol. 120, no. 5, p. 447–454.

32. Tanaka-Taya, K. et al. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is transmitted from parent to child in an integrated form and characterization of cases with chromosomally integrated HHV-6 DNA. J. Med. Virol., 2004, vol. 73, no. 3, p. 465–473.

33. Thader-Voigt, A. et al. Development of a microwell adapted immunoblot system with recombinant antigens for distinguishing human herpesvirus (HHV)6A and HHV6B and detection of human cytomegalovirus. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 2011, vol. 49, no. 11, p. 1891–1898.

34. Volin, L. et al. Human herpesvirus 6 antigenaemia in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: impact on clinical course and association with other beta-herpesviruses. Br. J. Haematol., 2004, vol. 126, no. 5, p. 690–696.

35. Wang, L. R. et al. Correlations of human herpesvirus 6B and CMV infection with acute GVHD in recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant, 2008, vol. 42, no. 10, p. 673–677.

36. Ward, K. N. The natural history and laboratory diagnosis of human herpesviruses-6 and -7 infections in the immunocompetent. J. Clin. Virol., 2005, vol. 32, no. 3, p. 183–193.

37. Ward, K. N. et al. Human herpesvirus 6 chromosomal integration in immunocompetent patients results in high levels of viral DNA in blood, sera, and hair follicles. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2006, vol. 44, no. 4, p. 1571–1574.

38. Ward, K. N. et al. HHV-6 DNA level in CSF due to primary infection differs from that in chromosomal viral integration and has implications for the diagnosis of encephalitis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2007, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 1298–1304.

39. Yamanishi, K., Yasuko, M., Pellett, P. E. Human herpesvirus 6 and 7. In Knipe, D. M., Howley, P. M., editors. Fields Virology. Fifth ed., Philadelphia, PA Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|Wolters Kluwer Business; 2007. p. 2819–2845.

Labels
Hygiene and epidemiology Medical virology Clinical microbiology
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#