#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Non-conventional types of dysplastic changes in gastrointestinal tract mucosa – review of morphological features of individual subtypes


Authors: Kateřina Kamaradová 1,2
Authors‘ workplace: Fingerlandův ústav patologie, Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové 1;  AeskuLab Patologie k. s., Praha 2
Published in: Čes.-slov. Patol., 58, 2022, No. 1, p. 38-51
Category: Reviews Article

Overview

Evaluation of the dysplastic changes evolving in mucosa of various segments of gastrointestinal tract is a part of routine practice. Morphologically different or non-conventional types of dysplastic changes are described in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tract besides the most common conventional type of dysplasia. Non-conventional dysplasias can arise de-novo or they can be found in association with chronic gastrointestinal conditions, such as Barrett’s esophagus, chronic atrophic gastritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Non-conventional types of dysplasia include serrated, crypt base of foveolar dysplasia and lesions as pyloric or oxyntic gland adenoma. Non-conventional types of dysplasia arising in inflammatory bowel disease represent specific category with broad morphological spectrum of changes. The aim of this work is to present a comprehensive review of morphological characteristics of individual subtypes of non-conventional dysplastic changes with focus on differences and specificity in particular parts of gastrointestinal tract and provide a functional handout for daily diagnostic practice.

Keywords:

Dysplasia – intraepithelial neoplasia – non-conventional type – foveolar dysplasia – serrated dysplasia – IBD-associated dysplasia


Sources

1. Montgomery EA, Arnold CA, Lam-Himlin DM, et al. Some Morphology Frontiers of Dysplasia in the Tubular Gastrointestinal Tract: The Rodger C. Haggitt Memorial Lecture. Am J Surg Pathol. 2020; Epub ahead of print.

2. Lomo LC, Blount PL, Sanchez CA, et al. Crypt dysplasia with surface maturation: a clinical, pathologic, and molecular study of a Barrett‘s esophagus cohort. Am J Surg Pathol 2006; 30(4): 423-435.

3. Agoston AT, Odze RD. Evidence that gastric pit dysplasia-like atypia is a neoplastic precursor lesion. Hum Pathol 2014;45(3):446-455.

4. Rubio CA. Serrated adenoma of the duodenum. J Clin Pathol. 2004; 57(11): 1219-1221.

5. Rosty C, Campbell C, Clendenning M, et al. Do serrated neoplasms of the small intestine represent a distinct entity? Pathological findings and molecular alterations in a series of 13 cases. Histopathology 2015; 66(3): 333-342.

6. Sarbia M, Jüttner S, Bettstetter M, Berndt R. Serratierte Polypen des Duodenums. Drei Fälle mit immunhistologischen und molekularpathologischen Befunden. Pathologe 2013; 34(4): 347-351.

7. Rubio CA. Serrated neoplasia of the stomach: a new entity. J Clin Pathol 2001; 54(11): 849- 853.

8. Rubio CA, Tanaka K, Befrits R. Traditional serrated adenoma in a patient with Barrett‘ s esophagus. Anticancer Res 2013; 33(4): 1743-1745.

9. Vieth M, Kushima R, Borchard F, Stolte M. Pyloric gland adenoma: a clinico-pathological analysis of 90 cases. Virchows Arch 2003; 442(4): 317-321.

10. Vieth M, Vogel C, Kushima R, et al. Pyloric gland adenoma-- how to diagnose? Cesk Patol 2006; 42(1):4-7.

11. Chan K, Brown IS, Kyle T, et al. Chief cell-predominant gastric polyps: a series of 12 cases with literature review. Histopathology 2016; 68(6): 825-833.

12. Kamarádová K, Vošmiková H, Rozkošová K, et al. Non-conventional mucosal lesions (serrated epithelial change, villous hypermucinous change) are frequent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease-results of molecular and immunohistochemical single institutional study. Virchows Arch 2020; 476(2): 231-241.

13. Choi WT, Yozu M, Miller GC, et al. Nonconventional dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma: a multicenter clinicopathologic study. Mod Pathol 2020; 33(5): 933-943.

14. Gui X, Iacucci M, Ghosh S, et al. Revisiting the distinct histomorphologic features of inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplastic precursor lesions in the SCENIC and post-DALM Era. Hum Pathol 2020; 100: 24-37.

15. Riddell RH, Goldman H, Ransohoff DF, et al. Dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: standardized classification with provisional clinical applications. Hum Pathol 1983; 14(11): 931-968.

16. Vieth M, Quirke P, Lambert R, et al. Quality assurance in pathology in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis: annotations of colorectal lesions. Virchows Arch 2011; 458(1) :21-30.

17. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Digestive system tumours. Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2019: 83-92.

18. Shin N, Jo HJ, Kim WK, et al. Gastric pit dysplasia in adjacent gastric mucosa in 414 gastric cancers: prevalence and characteristics. Am J Surg Pathol 2011; 35(7): 1021-1029.

19. Li Y, Chang X, Zhou W, et al. Gastric intestinal metaplasia with basal gland atypia: a morphological and biologic evaluation in a large Chinese cohort. Hum Pathol 2013; 44(4): 578- 590.

20. Tava F, Luinetti O, Ghigna MR, et al. Type or extension of intestinal metaplasia and immature/ atypical „indefinite-for-dysplasia“ lesions as predictors of gastric neoplasia. Hum Pathol 2006; 37(11): 1489-1497.

21. Goldblum JR. Current issues in Barrett‘ s esophagus and Barrett‘s-related dysplasia. Mod Pathol 2015; 28 Suppl 1: S1-6.

22. Odze RD. Diagnosis and grading of dysplasia in Barrett‘s oesophagus. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59(10) :1029-1038.

23. Kim A, Ahn SJ, Park DY, et al. Gastric crypt dysplasia: a distinct subtype of gastric dysplasia with characteristic endoscopic features and immunophenotypic and biological anomalies. Histopathology 2016; 68(6): 843- 849.

24. Odze RD. Update on the diagnosis and treatment of Barrett esophagus and related neoplastic precursor lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008; 132(10): 1577-1585.

25. Zhang X, Huang Q, Goyal RK, Odze RD. DNA ploidy abnormalities in basal and superficial regions of the crypts in Barrett‘s esophagus and associated neoplastic lesions. Am J Surg Pathol 2008; 32(9): 1327-1335.

26. Khan S, McDonald SA, Wright NA, et al. Crypt dysplasia in Barrett‘s oesophagus shows clonal identity between crypt and surface cells. J Pathol 2013; 231(1): 98-104.

27. Sheridan TB, Fenton H, Lewin MR, et al. Sessile serrated adenomas with low- and high-grade dysplasia and early carcinomas: an immunohistochemical study of serrated lesions „caught in the act“. Am J Clin Pathol 2006; 126(4): 564-571.

28. Liu C, Walker NI, Leggett B, et al. Sessile serrated adenomas with dysplasia: morphological patterns and correlations with MLH1 immunohistochemistry. Mod Pathol 2017; 30(12): 1728-1738.

29. Pai RK, Bettington M, Srivastava A, Rosty C. An update on the morphology and molecular pathology of serrated colorectal polyps and associated carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2019; 32(10): 1390-1415.

30. Cenaj O, Gibson J, Odze RD. Clinicopathologic and outcome study of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps with serrated versus intestinal dysplasia. Mod Pathol 2018; 31(4): 633- 642

31. Rex DK, Ahnen DJ, Baron JA, et al. Serrated lesions of the colorectum: review and recommendations from an expert panel. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107(9): 1315-1329.

32. Bettington M, Walker N, Clouston A, et al. The serrated pathway to colorectal carcinoma: current concepts and challenges. Histopathology 2013; 62(3): 367-386.

33. Kwon MJ, Min BH, Lee SM, et al. Serrated adenoma of the stomach: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of nine cases. Histol Histopathol 2013; 28(4): 453-462.

34. Kiremitçi S, Cansız Ersöz C, et al. Gastric and small intestinal traditional serrated adenomas: a detailed morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Turk J Gastroenterol 2020; 31(6): 441-450.

35. Vieth M, Montgomery EA, Riddell RH. Observations of different patterns of dysplasia in barretts esophagus - a first step to harmonize grading. Cesk Patol 2016; 52(3): 154-163.

36. Naini BV, Souza RF, Odze RD. Barrett‘ s Esophagus: A Comprehensive and Contemporary Review for Pathologists. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40(5): e45-66.

37. Odze RD. What the gastroenterologist needs to know about the histology of Barrett‘ s esophagus. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2011; 27(4): 389-986.

38. Rubio CA. Traditional serrated adenomas of the upper digestive tract. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69(1): 1-5.

39. Rubio CA, Björk J. Serrated adenoma of the stomach: Case report and literature review. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 5(5): 261- 264.

40. Rubio CA, Lagergren J. Serrated adenomas of the cardia. Anticancer Res 2004; 24(3b): 2113-2116.

41. Rubio CA, Schmidt PT. An additional case of gastric serrated adenoma. Anticancer Res 2014; 34(6):3 7-10.

42. Cao HL, Dong WX, Xu MQ, et al. Clinical features of upper gastrointestinal serrated lesions: An endoscopy database analysis of 98746 patients. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(45): 10038-10044.

43. Iwamuro M, Hori K, Tanaka T, Okada H. Serrated polyp of the duodenum. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82(5): 966-967; discussion 967.

44. Pereira D, Kővári B, Brown I, et al. Non-conventional dysplasias of the tubular gut: a review and illustration of their histomorphological spectrum. Histopathology 2021; 78(5): 658-675.

45. Brown IS, Whiteman DC, Lauwers GY. Foveolar type dysplasia in Barrett esophagus. Mod Pathol 2010; 23(6): 834-843.

46. Abraham SC, Montgomery EA, Singh VK, et al. Gastric adenomas: intestinal-type and gastric-type adenomas differ in the risk of adenocarcinoma and presence of background mucosal pathology. Am J Surg Pathol 2002; 26(10): 1276-1285.

47. Park DY, Srivastava A, Kim GH, et al. Adenomatous and foveolar gastric dysplasia: distinct patterns of mucin expression and background intestinal metaplasia. Am J Surg Pathol 2008; 32(4): 524-533.

48. Mannan AASR, Vieth M, Khararjian A, et al. The outlet patch: gastric heterotopia of the colorectum and anus. Histopathology 2018; 73(2): 220-229.

49. Goldblum JR. Controversies in the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus and Barrett-related dysplasia: one pathologist‘s perspective. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134(10): 1479-1784. Erratum in: Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134(12): 1729.

50. Mahajan D, Bennett AE, Liu X, et al. Grading of gastric foveolar-type dysplasia in Barrett‘ s esophagus. Mod Pathol 2010; 23(1): 1-11.

51. Khor TS, Alfaro EE, Ooi EM, et al. Divergent expression of MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, CD10, and CDX-2 in dysplasia and intramucosal adenocarcinomas with intestinal and foveolar morphology: is this evidence of distinct gastric and intestinal pathways to carcinogenesis in Barrett Esophagus? Am J Surg Pathol 2012 Mar;36(3): 331-342.

52. Patil DT, Bennett AE, Mahajan D, et al. Distinguishing Barrett gastric foveolar dysplasia from reactive cardiac mucosa in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Hum Pathol 2013; 44(6): 1146-1153.

53. Chlumská A, Mukenšnabl P, Waloschek T, Zámečník M. Esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma: a study with double immunostaining for intestinal and gastric markers. Cesk Patol 2018; 54(2): 81-85.

54. Sugai T, Uesugi N, Habano W, et al. The clinicopathological and molecular features of sporadic gastric foveolar type neoplasia. Virchows Arch 2020; 477(6): 835-844.

55. Rucker-Schmidt RL, Sanchez CA, Blount PL, et al. Nonadenomatous dysplasia in barrett esophagus: a clinical, pathologic, and DNA content flow cytometric study. Am J Surg Pathol 2009; 33(6): 886-893.

56. Hattori T. Morphological range of hyperplastic polyps and carcinomas arising in hyperplastic polyps of the stomach. J Clin Pathol 1985; 38(6): 622-630.

57. Abraham SC, Park SJ, Mugartegui L, et al. Sporadic fundic gland polyps with epithelial dysplasia: evidence for preferential targeting for mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. Am J Pathol. 2002; 161(5): 1735- 1742.

58. Stolte M, Vieth M, Ebert MP. High-grade dysplasia in sporadic fundic gland polyps: clinically relevant or not? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;15(11): 1153-1156.

59. Wu TT, Kornacki S, Rashid A, et al. Dysplasia and dysregulation of proliferation in foveolar and surface epithelia of fundic gland polyps from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Am J Surg Pathol 1998; 22(3): 293-298.

60. Abraham SC, Nobukawa B, Giardiello FM, et al. Fundic gland polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis: neoplasms with frequent somatic adenomatous polyposis coli gene alterations. Am J Pathol 2000; 157(3): 747-754.

61. Worthley DL, Phillips KD, Wayte N, et al. Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS): a new autosomal dominant syndrome. Gut 2012; 61(5): 774-779.

62. de Boer WB, Ee H, Kumarasinghe MP. Neoplastic Lesions of Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Proximal Polyposis Syndrome (GAPPS) Are Gastric Phenotype. Am J Surg Pathol 2018; 42(1): 1-8.

63. Shibagaki K, Fukuyama C, Mikami H, et al. Gastric foveolar-type adenomas endoscopically showing a raspberry-like appearance in the Helicobacter pylori -uninfected stomach. Endosc Int Open 2019; 7(6): E784-E791.

64. Sakurai T, Sakashita H, Honjo G, et al. Gastric foveolar metaplasia with dysplastic changes in Brunner gland hyperplasia: possible precursor lesions for Brunner gland adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2005; 29(11): 1442-1448.

65. Valente P, Garrido M, Gullo I, et al. Epithelial dysplasia of the stomach with gastric immunophenotype shows features of biological aggressiveness. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18(4): 720-728.

66. Choi WT, Brown I, Ushiku T, et al. Gastric pyloric gland adenoma: a multicentre clinicopathological study of 67 cases. Histopathology 2018; 72(6): 1007-1014.

67. Pezhouh MK, Park JY. Gastric pyloric gland adenoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139(6): 823-826.

68. Chlumská A, Waloschek T, Mukenšnabl P, et al. Pyloric gland adenoma: a histologic, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study of 23 cases. Cesk Patol 2015; 51(3): 137- 143. PMID:

69. Vieth M, Kushima R, de Jonge JP, et al. Adenoma with gastric differentiation (so-called pyloric gland adenoma) in a heterotopic gastric corpus mucosa in the rectum. Virchows Arch 2005; 446(5): 542-545.

70. Miller GC, Kumarasinghe MP, Borowsky J, et al. Clinicopathological features of pyloric gland adenomas of the duodenum: a multicentre study of 57 cases. Histopathology 2020; 76(3): 404-410.

71. Chen ZM, Scudiere JR, Abraham SC, Montgomery E. Pyloric gland adenoma: an entity distinct from gastric foveolar type adenoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2009; 33(2): 186-193.

72. Vieth M, Kushima R, Mukaisho K, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of pyloric gland adenomas using a series of Mucin 2, Mucin 5AC, Mucin 6, CD10, Ki67 and p53. Virchows Arch 2010; 457(5): 529-536.

73. Nagata S, Ajioka Y, Nishikura K, et al. Co-expression of gastric and biliary phenotype in pyloric-gland type adenoma of the gallbladder: immunohistochemical analysis of mucin profile and CD10. Oncol Rep 2007; 17(4): 721- 729.

74. Wood LD, Noë M, Hackeng W, et al. Patients with McCune-Albright syndrome have a broad spectrum of abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Virchows Arch 2017; 470(4): 391-400.

75. Hashimoto T, Ogawa R, Matsubara A, et al. Familial adenomatous polyposis-associated and sporadic pyloric gland adenomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract share common genetic features. Histopathology 2015; 67(5): 689-698.

76. Hackeng WM, Montgomery EA, Giardiello FM, et al. Morphology and genetics of pyloric gland adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis. Histopathology 2017; 70(4): 549- 557.

77. Lee SE, Kang SY, Cho J, et al. Pyloric gland adenoma in Lynch syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 2014; 38(6): 784-792.

78. Wood LD, Salaria SN, Cruise MW, et al. Upper GI tract lesions in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): enrichment of pyloric gland adenomas and other gastric and duodenal neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 2014; 38(3): 389- 393.

79. Setia N, Wanjari P, Yassan L, et al. Next-generation sequencing identifies 2 genomically distinct groups among pyloric gland adenomas. Hum Pathol 2020; 97: 103-111.

80. Vieth M, Montgomery EA. Some observations on pyloric gland adenoma: an uncommon and long ignored entity! J Clin Pathol 2014; 67(10): 883-890.

81. Kushima R, Rüthlein HJ, Stolte M, et al. ‚Pyloric gland-type adenoma‘ arising in heterotopic gastric mucosa of the duodenum, with dysplastic progression of the gastric type. Virchows Arch 1999; 435(4): 452-457.

82. Mitsuishi T, Hamatani S, Hirooka S, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics of duodenal epithelial neoplasms: Focus on tumors with a gastric mucin phenotype (pyloric gland-type tumors). PLoS One 2017 Apr 4;12(4):e0174985.

83. Kushima R, Vieth M, Borchard F, et al. Gastric- type well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and pyloric gland adenoma of the stomach. Gastric Cancer 2006; 9(3): 177-184.

84. Kim K, Jang SJ, Song HJ, Yu E. Clinicopathologic characteristics and mucin expression in Brunner‘s gland proliferating lesions. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58(1): 194-201.

85. Ma C, Giardiello FM, Montgomery EA. Upper tract juvenile polyps in juvenile polyposis patients: dysplasia and malignancy are associated with foveolar, intestinal, and pyloric differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 2014; 38(12): 1618-1626.

86. Ueyama H, Yao T, Nakashima, et al. Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (chief cell predominant type): proposal for a new entity of gastric adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34(5): 609-619.

87. Singhi AD, Lazenby AJ, Montgomery EA. Gastric adenocarcinoma with chief cell differentiation: a proposal for reclassification as oxyntic gland polyp/adenoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36(7): 1030-1035.

88. Kővári B, Kim BH, Lauwers GY. The pathology of gastric and duodenal polyps: current concepts. Histopathology 2021; 78(1): 106- 124.

89. Ushiku T, Kunita A, Kuroda R, et al. Oxyntic gland neoplasm of the stomach: expanding the spectrum and proposal of terminology. Mod Pathol 2020; 33(2): 206-216.

90. Sato Y, Sato T, Matsushima J, et al. Histopathologic Change of a Case of Gastric Oxyntic Neoplasm (Gastric Adenocarcinoma of Fundic Gland Mucosa Type) Through 5 Years With Concurrent Other Oxyntic Gland Lesions. Int J Surg Pathol In press 2020

91. Tsukamoto T, Yokoi T, Maruta S, et al. Gastric adenocarcinoma with chief cell differentiation. Pathol Int 2007; 57(8): 517-522.

92. Dyson JK, Rutter MD. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: what is the real magnitude of the risk? World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18(29): 3839-3848.

93. Lukas M. Inflammatory bowel disease as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Dig Dis 2010; 28: 619-624.

94. Munkholm P. Review article: the incidence and prevalence of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 18: 1-5.

95. Ullman T, Odze R, Farraye FA. Diagnosis and Management of Dysplasia in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease of the Colon. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009;15: 630–638.

96. Neumann H, Vieth M, Langner C, et al. Cancer risk in IBD: How to diagnose and how to manage DALM and ALM. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17(27): 3184-3191

97. Laine L, Kaltenbach T, Barkun A, et al. SCENIC international consensus statement on surveillance and management of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 81: 489-501.

98. Choi WT. Non-conventional dysplastic subtypes in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of their diagnostic characteristics and potential clinical implications. J Pathol Transl Med 2021; 55(2): 83-93.

99. Magro F, Gionchetti P, Eliakim R, et al. Third European Evidence-based [5] Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Ulcerative Colitis. Part 1: Definitions, Diagnosis, Extra-intestinal Manifestations, Pregnancy, Cancer Surveillance, Surgery, and Ileo-anal Pouch Disorders. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11(6): 649- 670.

100. Gomollón F, Dignass A, Annese V, et al. 3rd European Evidence-based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Crohn’s Disease 2016: Part 1: Diagnosis and Medical Management. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11(1): 3-25.

101. Šerclová Z, Ryska O, Bortlík M, et al. Doporučené postupy chirurgické léčby pacientů s idiopatickými střevními záněty – 3. část: ulcerózní kolitida, indikace k operaci. Gastroent Hepatol 2016; 70(3): 252–261.

102. Šerclová Z, Ryska O, Bortlík M, et al. Doporučené postupy chirurgické léčby pacientů s idiopatickými střevními záněty – 2. část: Crohnova choroba. Gastroent Hepatol 2016; 70(3): 252–261. Gastroent Hepatol 2015; 69(3): 223–238

103. Jouret-Mourin A, Faa, G, Geboes, K (Eds.) Colitis. A Practical Approach to Colon and Ileum Biopsy Interpretation, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2018

104. Magro F, Langner C, Driessen A, et al. European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7: 827-851.

105. Langner C, Magro F, Driessen A, et al. The histopathological approach to inflammatory bowel disease: a practice guide. Virchows Arch 2014; 464(5): 511-527.

106. Scarpa M, Castagliuolo I, Castoro C, et al. Inflammatory colonic carcinogenesis: A review on pathogenesis and immunosurveillance mechanisms in ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(22): 6774–6785.

107. Gerrits MM, Chen M, Theeuwes M, et al. Biomarker-based prediction of inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer: a case-control study. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2011; 34(2): 107-17.

108. van Schaik FD, Oldenburg B, Offerhaus GJ, et al. Role of immunohistochemical markers in predicting progression of dysplasia to advanced neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18(3): 480- 488.

109. Mueller E, Vieth M, Stolte M, Mueller J. The differentiation of true adenomas from colitis- associated dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: a comparative immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 1999; 30(8): 898-905.

110. Dorer R, Odze RD. AMACR immunostaining is useful in detecting dysplastic epithelium in Barrett‘s esophagus, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn‘s disease. Am J Surg Pathol 2006; 30(7): 871-877.

111. Marx A, Wandrey T, Simon P, et al. Combined alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase/ p53 analysis to identify dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Hum Pathol 2009; 40(2): 166-173.

112. Ma C, Henn P, Miller C, et. al. Loss of SATB2 Expression Is a Biomarker of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated Colorectal Dysplasia and Adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2019 ; 43(10): 1314-1322.

113. Iwaya M, Ota H, Tateishi Y, et al. Colitis-associated colorectal adenocarcinomas are frequently associated with non-intestinal mucin profiles and loss of SATB2 expression. Mod Pathol 2019; 32(6): 884-892.

114. Rubio CA, Johansson C, Slezak P, et al. Villous dysplasia: an ominous histologic sign in colitis patients. Dis. Colon Rectum 1984; 27: 283–287.

115. Chaubert P, Benhattar J, Saraga E, et al. K-ras mutations and p53 alterations in neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions associated with longstanding ulcerative colitis. Am J Pathol 1994; 144(4): 767-775.

116. Andersen SN, Lovig T, Clausen OP, et al. Villous, hypermucinous mucosa in long standing ulcerative colitis shows high frequency of K-ras mutations. Gut 1999; 45: 686-692.

117. Kilgore SP, Sigel JE, Goldblum JR. Hyperplastic- Like Mucosal Change in Crohn’s Disease: An Unusual Form of Dysplasia? Mod Pathol 2000; 13: 797–801.

118. Rubio CA. Serrated neoplasias and de novo carcinomas in ulcerative colitis: a histological study in colectomy specimens. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22: 1024-1031.

119. Rubio CA, Befrits R, Jaramillo E, Nesi G, Amorosi A. Villous and serrated adenomatous growth bordering carcinomas in inflammatory bowel disease. Anticancer Res 2000; 20(6C): 4761-4764.

120. Kamarádová K, Vošmiková H, Rozkošová K, et al. J. Morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal carcinoma and associated mucosal lesions - Single institution experience. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215(4): 730-737.

121. Odze RD, Maley CC. Neoplasia without dysplasia: lessons from Barrett esophagus and other tubal gut neoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134(6): 896-906.

122. Harpaz N1, Ward SC, Mescoli C, et al. Precancerous lesions in inflammatory bowel disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2013; 27: 257-267

123. Parian AM, Lazarev MG. Serrated Colorectal Lesions in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2018; 14(1): 19-25.

124. Parian A, Koh J, Limketkai BN, et al. Association between serrated epithelial changes and colorectal dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 84: 87-95

125. Johnson DH, Khanna S, Smyrk TC, et al. Detection rate and outcome of colonic serrated epithelial changes in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39: 1408-1417.

126. Batts KP, Atwaibi M, Weinberg DI, McCabe RP. Significance of serrated epithelial change in inflammatory bowel disease. Postgrad Med 2021; 133(1): 66-70.

127. Miller GC, Liu C, Bettington ML, et al. Traditional serrated adenoma-like lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Hum Pathol 2020;97: 19-28.

128. Wen KW, Umetsu SE, Goldblum JR, et al. DNA flow cytometric and interobserver study of crypt cell atypia in inflammatory bowel disease. Histopathology 2019; 75(4): 578-588.

129. Choi CH, Ignjatovic-Wilson A, Askari A, et al. Low-grade dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: risk factors for developing high-grade dysplasia or colorectal cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110(10): 1461-1471.

130. Lee H, Rabinovitch PS, Mattis AN, et al. Non-conventional dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease is more frequently associated with advanced neoplasia and aneuploidy than conventional dysplasia. Histopathology 2021;78(6): 814-830.

131. Gui X, Köbel M, Ferraz JG, et al. Histological and molecular diversity and heterogeneity of precancerous lesions associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73(7): 391-402.

Labels
Anatomical pathology Forensic medical examiner Toxicology
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#