Authors: Z. Doležel Authors‘ workplace: II. dětská klinika LF MU a FN Brno přednosta prof. MUDr. Z. Doležel, CSc. Published in: Čes-slov Pediat 2004; (1): 18-23. Category:
Body water is distributed in three compartments - intracellular, extracellular and interstitial. In these watercompartments, particles modelling the resulting osmolality are dissolved. Osmolality has been proved to beconspicuously stable in all these spaces due to equilibration on cellular membranes. Under clinical conditions,osmolality may be measured in serum or urine. The value of serum osmolality is governed particularly by theserum concentration of sodium, less by glucose, urea, albumin and some ions. Hyponatremia and hypernatremiarepresent most frequently dysectrolytemia, which may immediately endanger the child’s life. The paper presentsa brief pathological basis of the changes in serum sodium concentration and a diagnostic-therapeutic approach topatients suffering from hyponatremia or hypernatremia. A short quiz is a part of the contribution aimed atcontinual medical education.
Key words: hyponatremia, hypernatremia, diagnostics, therapy, continual education
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