Clinical importance of carotid artery distensibility measurement

Czech version

Authors: J. Chlumský; J. Charvát
Authors‘ workplace: Interní klinika 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha
Published in: Kardiol Rev Int Med 2007, 9(4): 251-256
Category: Editorial

Overview

Carotid artery distensibility measurement using sonography represents simple, safe and from technical point of view easy method for detection of the very early stages of atherosclerosis. On experimental basis as well as in clinical situations it can be of good assistance for risk patients assessment, for effect of treatment evaluation but also during implementation of new medicaments.

The results of the recent studies have supported the value of distensibility examination for cardiovascular mortality as well as for risk of cerebral stroke. The current recommendation is that distensibility of carotid artery should be examined in patients suffering from high cardiovascular risk. However what exact type of examination method is preferable has not yet been concluded.

The pathogenesis of distensibility is also discussed in the paper as well as its changes by the influence of diabetes, of hypertension, of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment. The main advantage of distensibility evaluation using carotid artery sonography is availability of this examination as far as the ultrasound apparatus with the appropriate parameters are generally used.

Key words:
distensibility – karotid artery - sonography

Sources

1. Bank AJ, Kaiser DR. Smooth muscle relaxation—effect on arterial compliance, distensibility, elastic modulus, and pulse wave velocity. Hypertension 1998; 26: 356-359.

2. ářčáářBenetos A, Waeber B, Izzo J et al. Influence of age, risk factors, and cardiovascular and renal disease on arterial stiffness: clinical applications. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15: 1101-1108.

3. Bergel DH. The dynamic elastic properties of the arterial wall. J Physiol 1961; 156: 458-469.

4. Bertrovic DA, Waddell TK, Gatzka CD et al. Muscular strength training is associated with low arterial compliance and high pulse pressure. Hypertension 1999; 33: 1385-1391.

5. Blacher J, Guerin AP, Pannier B et al. Impact of aortic stiffness on survival in end-stage renal disease. Circulation 1999; 99: 2434-2439.

6. Bots M, ářčáářHoes AW, Koudstaal PJ et al. Common carotid intima media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. The Rotterdam study. Circulation 1997; 96: 1432-1437.

7. Boutouyrie P, Laurent S, Benetos A et al. Opposing effects of ageing on distal and proximal large arteries in hypertensives. J Hypertens 1992; 10: S87-S91.

8. Bussy C, Boutouyrie P, Lacolley P et al. Intrinsic stiffness of the carotid arterial wall material in essential hypertensives. Hypertension 2000; 35: 1049-1054.

9. Dijk JM, Algra A, van der Graaf Y et al. on behalf of the SMART study group: ářčáářCarotid stiffness and the risk of new vascular events in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease. The SMART study. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 1213-1220.

10. Erdmann E. Diabetes and cardiovascular risk markers. Curr Med Res Opin 2005; 21: S21-S28.

11. Failla M, Grappiolo A, Carugo C et al. Effects of cigarette smoking on carotid and radial artery distensibility. J Hypertension 1997; 15: 1659-1966.

12. Gatzka CD, Cameron JD, Kingwell BA. Relation between coronary artery disease, aortic stiffness, and left ventricular structure in a population sample. Hypertension 1998; 32: 575-578.

13. Giannattasio C, Mangoni AA, Bombelli M et al. Progession of large artery structural and functional alterations in type I diabetes. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 203-208.

14. Giannattasio C, Failla M, Stella ML et al. Alteration of radial artery compliance in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76: 381-385.

15. Giannattasio C, Mangoni AA, Failla M et al. Combined effects of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia on radial artery function. Hypertension 1997; 29: 583-586.

16. Giannattasio C, Mangoni A, Failla M et al. Impaired radial artery compliance in normotensive subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1996; 124: 249-260.

ářčáář17. Greenland P, Abrams J, Aurigemma GP et al. Prevention Conference V. Beyond secondary prevention: identifying the high-risk patient for primary prevention. Noninvasive tests of atherosclerotic burden. Circulation 2000; 101: e16–e22.

18. Charvát J, Michalová K, Chlumský J et al. The association between left ventricle diastolic dysfunction and endothelial dysfunction and the results of stress myocardial SPECT in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Med Res 2005; 33: 473-482.

19. Charvát J, Michalová K, Chlumský J et al. The significance of carotid artery plague in the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Med Res 2006; 34: 13-20.

20. Chlumský J, Charvát J. Contribution of distensibility and intima-media thickness to etiology of stroke. Rev Neurorad 2005; 18: 78-82.

21. Chlumský J, Charvát J, Hájek P. Sonografické nálezy na karotidách u diabetiků před aortokoronárním bypassem. Vnitř Lék 2001; 47: 744-746.

22. Kawasaki T, Sasayama S, Yagi S et al. Non-invasive assessment of the age related changes in stiffness of major branches of the human arteries. Cardiovasc Res 1987; 21: 678-687.

23. Kelly R, Hayward C, Avolio A, O’Rourke MF. Non-invasive determination of age-related changes in the human arterial pulse. Circulation 1989; 81: 1652-1659.

24. Koren-Morgan H, Goldbourt U, Tanne D. Relation between the metabolic syndrome and ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a prospective cohort study in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovacular disease. Stroke 2005; 36: 1366-1371.

25. Lang RM, Cholley BP, Korcarz C et al. Measurement of regional elastic properties of the human aorta. A new application of transesophageal echocardiography with automated border detection and calibrated subclavian pulse tracings. Circulation 1994; 90: 1875-1882.

26. Laurent S, Caviezel B, Beck L et al. Carotid artery distensibility and distending pressure in humans. Hypertension 1994; 23: 878-883.

27. Liao D, Arnett DK, Tyroler HA et al. Arterial stiffness and the development of hypertension: the ARIC study. Hypertension 1999; 34: 201-206.

28. Liu Z, Tig CT, Zhu S, Yin F. Aortic comliance in human hypertension. Hypertension 1989; 14: 129-136.

29. O’Rourke MF. Mechanical principles in arterial disease. Hypertension 1995; 26: 2-9.

30. O’Rourke MF, Mancia G. Arterial stiffness (invited editorial). J Hypertens 1999; 17: 1-4.

31. O'Rourke MF, Staessen JA, Vlachopoulos C et al. Clinical applications of arterial stiffness; definitions and reference values. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15: 426-444.

32. Popele NM. Association between arteral stiffness and atherosclerosis: the Rotterdam study. Stroke 2001; 32: 454-460.

33. Rosolová H. Současné postavení inhibitorů AT1 pro angiotenzin II v prevenci kardiovaskulárních onemocnění. Cor Vasa 2005; 47: 366-368.

34. Safar ME, London GM, Asmar RG et al. An indirect approach for the study of the elastic modulus of the brachial artery in patients with essential hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 1986; 20: 563-567.

35. Safar ME, Blacher J, Mourad JJ, London GM. Stiffness of carotid artery wall material and blood pressure in humans. Stroke 2000; 31: 782-790.

36. Safar ME, Levy BI, Struijker-Boudier H. Current perspectives on arterial stiffness and pulse pressure in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation 2003; 107: 2864-2869.

37. Salonen JT, Salonen R. Ultrasonographically assessed carotid morphology and the risk of coronary heart disease. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11: 1245-1249.

38. Simon AC, O’Rourke MF, Levenson J. Arterial distensibility and its effect on wave reflection and cardiac loading in cardiovascular disease. Coronary Artery Dis 1991; 2: 1111-1120.

39. Simons PSG, Grobbee DE, Bots ML, van der Graaf Y. Effect of timing of blood pressure measurement in the assesment of arteral stiffnes: the SMART study. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998; 24: 1285-1289.

40. Simons PSG, Algra A, Bots ML et al. Common carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness: indicators of cardiovascular risk in high-risk patients; the SMART Study (Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease). Circulation 1999; 100: 951-957.

41. Shoji T, Emoto M, Shinohara K et al. Diabetes mellitus, aortic stiffness, and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 2117-2124.

42. Stadler RW, Karl WC, Lees RS. New methods for arterial diameter measurement from B-mode images. Ultrasound Med Biol 1996; 22: 25-34.

43. Stork S, van den Beld AW, von Schacky C et al. Carotid artery plaque burden, stiffness, and mortality risk in elderly men: a prospective, population-based cohort study. Circulation 2004; 110: 344-348.

44. Spáčil J. Sonografie karotid - okno do tepen? Cor Vasa 2000; 42: 380-382.

45. Špác J. Hypertenze a vlastnosti arteriální stěny. KF 2006; 4(4): 9-13.

46. Waddell TK, Rajkumar C, Cameron JD et al. Withdrawal of hormonal therapy for 4 weeks decreases arterial compliance in postmenopausal women. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 413-418.

47. Williams B. The year in hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 1698-1711.

48. Zieman S, Melenovsky V, Kass DA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology and therapy of arterial stiffness. Arterioscler Thromb Biol 2005; 25: 932-943.