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News The Future and Prospects of Type 2 Diabetes Therapy: Can We Fully Cure It with Endoscopy or Genetics?

Diabetes mellitus (DM) cannot be cured, but it can be successfully treated... Will we rewrite this textbook fact passed down for years in the future? Will we be able to completely cure type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) one day? The Prague Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM) sees endoscopic procedures as one of the promising paths and is preparing to test this groundbreaking method of therapy.

Source: Modern Treatment of Diabetes 6. 5. 2021

News Immunomodulation and Romiplostim −⁠ What Does the Recently Published iROM Study Say?

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is caused by an immunity disorder, involving not only the production of antibodies but also changes in cytokine levels, predominance of Th1 lymphocytes over Th2, increase in Th17 cells, and conversely a decrease in T-regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). One treatment option is the use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA), which primarily increase platelet production. Recently, attention has also been focused on their potential immunomodulatory effects and protolerogenic effect associated with Tregs activation, which was the subject of the Swiss iROM study.

Source: Immune Thrombocytopenia 24. 1. 2024

News ESC 2022: SGLT2 Inhibitors as Hope for HFpEF: How to Implement Them in Practice?

Patients with heart failure (HF) can significantly benefit from the inclusion of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i, i.e., gliflozins) in their treatment strategy according to current findings. This also applies to patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF). At the ESC 2022 congress, useful information for practical applications was presented in addition to study data. For illustration, we bring a case study from a German practice.

Source: Heart Failure 10. 11. 2022

News Safety of Urgent Initiation of Peritoneal Dialysis

In case of urgent need for kidney function replacement, hemodialysis (HD) with a temporary venous catheter has long been the standard solution. However, it has several disadvantages such as increased mortality or the risk of bacteremia and central venous stenosis. Additionally, multiple procedures are needed to create a permanent venous access. Therefore, there is a growing global interest in urgently initiated peritoneal dialysis (PD), with several clinical studies attesting to its safety, efficacy, and feasibility. However, little has been known about early PD complications and the long-term prognosis of patients in terms of technical and infectious complications.

Source: Chronic Kidney Disease 8. 6. 2021

News Impact of Initial RAAS Inhibitor on Hospitalization Risk in HFrEF Patients

Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is considered a key step in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The preferred medication currently is the angiotensin II receptor and neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan, which has shown to improve the prognosis of patients with HFrEF. A recently published study compared the initiation of ARNI or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with HFrEF who were not previously treated with a RAAS inhibitor in real-world practice.

Source: Chronic Heart Failure and Lipidology 23. 11. 2022

News Prognostic Significance of the Location of Colorectal Cancer Metastases

An Austrian study presented at the ESMO 2020 conference analyzed the relationship between the localization of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases and patient survival, the time of metastasis detection, and RAS mutations.

Source: Colorectal Cancer 26. 11. 2021

News Shared Decision-Making on Kidney Function Replacement

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is not a new development, but its significance is becoming increasingly recognized. Until recently, we may not have fully appreciated its value, but in light of the global threat posed by the current pandemic, its importance is starkly clear. PD is an accessible solution designed for home care and allows patients to avoid visits to healthcare facilities to some extent.

Source: Chronic Kidney Disease 30. 11. 2020

News Shared Decision Making Plays an Important Role in Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis is very effective and comfortable for patients, yet it is used relatively little in the Czech Republic. Are we giving enough room to patients' preferences?

Source: Chronic Kidney Disease 29. 9. 2020

News Finger on the Pulse of the Times with Automated Peritoneal Dialysis and Remote Patient Monitoring

The method of peritoneal dialysis brings many advantages to patients with chronic kidney disease and significantly eases their lives. Peritoneal dialysis saves time for both the patients themselves and the attending healthcare personnel. Modern medicine now offers an innovative tool that can remotely monitor the patient's condition, with the possibility of adjusting the treatment regimen.

Source: Chronic Kidney Disease 29. 9. 2020

News KDIGO: The Choice of Dialysis Modality Must Consider Patient Individuality

The moment of initiating dialysis, as well as the period immediately before and after it, is crucial for good treatment outcomes. But what exactly can be considered a good outcome, and do the perspectives of doctors and patients align on this issue? Leading nephrologists worldwide discussed this at the KDIGO conference, which was specifically focused on controversies in dialysis treatment.

Source: Chronic Kidney Disease 27. 5. 2020

Články časopisu Acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis

Author of the article: N. Petejová, Arnošt Martínek, V. Teplan Source: Gastroenterologie a hepatologie | 2/2018 4. 5. 2018

News Teriflunomide and Pregnancy Planning

The authors of the article published last year in Multiple Sclerosis Journal present data regarding experiences with the use of teriflunomide during pregnancy.

Source: Multiple Sclerosis 25. 3. 2021

News Current Findings on Fixed Combination Aclidinium/Formoterol in COPD Therapy

The fixed inhalation combination of aclidinium/formoterol represents a combination of a long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA) and a long-acting β₂-mimetic (LABA) used for maintenance treatment of moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Below, we summarize the current findings on the efficacy and safety of this dual bronchodilation therapy.

Source: Treatment of Asthma and COPD 30. 8. 2022

News What FVIII Levels Are Ideal for Preventing Bleeding in Hemophilia A?

Recent studies indicate that target trough levels of factor 1–3% during prophylactic treatment are insufficient to fully prevent clinical and subclinical bleeding. With a sustained FVIII level > 15%, as shown in studies with mild hemophiliacs, spontaneous bleeding is very rare. This raises the question of whether achieving zero bleeding incidence with FVIII replacement therapy is possible and whether it can be a realistic goal. This topic was also explored in a presentation by Dr. Ester Zápotocká from the Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital in Prague.

Source: Hemophilia 10. 5. 2021

News Combined Hormonal Contraception in the Treatment of Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea troubles many women of reproductive age and can deteriorate their quality of life, making it important for doctors to offer suitable therapy. We summarize the findings of research on the use of hormonal contraception containing drospirenone (DRSP) and ethinylestradiol (EE) in the treatment of dysmenorrhea.

Source: Oral Contraception 15. 3. 2022