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News Smouldering Multiple Sclerosis: How Can MRI Help in Its Identification?
With the changing understanding of the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, several new questions arise. One of them is the question of identifying the progressive phase of the disease. Can magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) help in this regard?
News Treatment Options for Advanced Parkinson's Disease Using Medical Devices (DAT)
A new treatment option for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) using medical devices (DAT − device-aided therapy) is the intestinal infusion gel containing levodopa, entacapone, and carbidopa (LECIG). An article published in 2022 in the journal Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders provides an overview of current DAT modalities in PD patients and presents LECIG as the latest extension of options in this area.
News Possibilities of Using Metamizole in the Treatment of Acute Primary Headaches
The aim of the review article by Brazilian authors was to summarize the efficacy and safety of metamizole in the treatment of acute primary headaches, such as migraine, episodic tension-type headache (ETTH), cluster headache, and unclassified primary pain in adults and children.
News Can tofacitinib have a positive impact on the mental stress of patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
In the population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there is a higher incidence of depression and anxiety compared to the healthy population. These psychiatric comorbidities can lead to a reduced quality of life and a poorer response to treatment. The aim of the post-hoc analysis presented below was to monitor the effect of tofacitinib on improving anxiety and depression in patients with RA.
News Post-COVID Depression: How Can a General Practitioner Help?
Psychiatrists confirm that mental health plays an increasingly important role in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although exact data will only be available over time, as the impacts in this regard will undoubtedly be long-term, it is already necessary to recognize the correlations between the psyche, the pathophysiology of COVID-19, and the pandemic state of society. What should we be prepared for in the general practitioner's office in this regard, and what therapy is a suitable choice?
News Patient with Diabetes: When to Follow Up and When to Refer to a Specialist?
It is most often the general practitioner (GP) who first diagnoses diabetes. Whether during preventive check-ups, preoperative examinations, or based on the patient's clinical issues. After diagnosing diabetes, however, the GP faces a difficult decision: Will they continue to monitor and treat the patient themselves, or will they refer them to a diabetologist?
News Full Compensation of Seizures as the Main Goal of Epilepsy Therapy: Will Patients Achieve It More Easily Than 20 Years Ago?
What is the relationship between the quality of life of patients and the degree of seizure compensation? Have the new antiepileptics (ASM) developed over the last decades improved the overall success rate of therapy?
News Pilot Program for Lung Cancer Screening in the Czech Republic – Current Interim Results
Since January 1, 2022, a pilot population program for lung cancer screening has been underway in the Czech Republic. At the 7th PREVON conference in December 2023, updates on the progress as of March 31, 2023, were presented. Data for 2022 show a 4.4% detection rate of positive findings using low-dose CT in the targeted population of current or former smokers aged 55-74 years, who have so far undergone screening.
News Possibilities of Cannabis Use in Tourette Syndrome Therapy
A retrospective analysis and online survey conducted at a psychiatric clinic in Hanover, Germany, investigated the effectiveness and safety of using cannabis products in patients with Tourette syndrome in real-world practice.
News Can Artificial Intelligence Help Personalize Treatment for Cardiology Patients?
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) claim an estimated 17.9 million lives annually worldwide, making them the leading cause of death. More than 4 out of 5 of these deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one-third occur in people under the age of 70. An innovative project called NextGen will newly address cardiovascular diseases. Its goal is to use artificial intelligence (AI) and patient health information and genetic profiles to personalize their treatment. The project received 7.6 million euros from the EU program Horizon Europe and will be led by a 21-member consortium including representatives from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
News Current Options and Prospects for Effective Antiemetic Treatment in an Effort to Increase Adherence of Oncological Patients to Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is strongly associated with treatment in the minds of many oncology patients, and its occurrence is rated as one of the most dreaded and stressful complications. For most patients, adherence to recommendations for antiemetic prophylaxis can successfully prevent the occurrence of CINV. A review article published last year by an international team of authors in the journal Future Oncology provides an overview of the current spectrum of options in CINV prophylaxis, focusing on the first combined preparation in this indication, containing the active substances netupitant and palonosetron.
News Brain Metastases Are Not an Absolute Contraindication for Antiplatelet Therapy
On one hand, there's a higher risk of thromboembolic events, and on the other, a higher risk of intracranial bleeding. Prophylactic and therapeutic interventions for blood clotting are necessary for cancer patients in indicated cases. But what about the risk of bleeding in patients with CNS malignancies?
News The Future and Prospects of Type 2 Diabetes Therapy: Can We Fully Cure It with Endoscopy or Genetics?
Diabetes mellitus (DM) cannot be cured, but it can be successfully treated... Will we rewrite this textbook fact passed down for years in the future? Will we be able to completely cure type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) one day? The Prague Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM) sees endoscopic procedures as one of the promising paths and is preparing to test this groundbreaking method of therapy.
News Hemorrhoidal Disease – A Civilization Illness Responsible for Perianal Discomfort
According to estimates, almost every second Czech will experience at least one attack of hemorrhoidal disease. Symptomatic hemorrhoids are found in about 5% of the population. Prevalence depends to some extent on lifestyle and dietary habits.
News Principle of Slowed Wound Healing Due to Stress Revealed
There is no doubt that psychological stress significantly slows down the process of healing wounds. The principle of how this phenomenon occurs, however, has remained unexplained. Swiss scientists focused on macrophages. Their function is to remove pathogens from the healing wound.
News Lung Recovery After COVID-19: How Reversible is the Damage?
During the virtual XXV Hradec Pulmonology Days held in April 2021, various aspects concerning COVID-19 were among the major topics. Dr. Bram van den Borst from Radboud University Nijmegen provided a comprehensive summary of current insights regarding lung recovery following an infection.
News After 20 years, a new treatment option for primary biliary cholangitis arrives
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), formerly known as cirrhosis, is a rare disease with a negative impact on prognosis and quality of life. While ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been essentially the only treatment option for PBC so far, in 2016, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved obeticholic acid as a second-line option. Since 2019, this medication has been available and fully covered by health insurance in 11 selected centers in the Czech Republic.
News How does the level of uric acid affect the incidence of cardiorenal events in patients with T2DM and CVD?
One of the post hoc analyses of the well-known EMPA-REG OUTCOME study provided data on the relationship between uric acid levels and the incidence of cardiorenal events in type 2 diabetics with existing cardiovascular disease.
News Can Empagliflozin Also Act Against Gout?
Gliflozins, or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), are not only effective antidiabetic agents but also exhibit cardio- and renoprotective effects. It now appears that in type 2 diabetics, they may lower serum uric acid levels and help prevent the development of gout. This was suggested by a post hoc analysis of data from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study in the case of empagliflozin.
News Can SGLT2 Inhibition Also Reduce the Risk of Nephrolithiasis?
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for the development of nephrolithiasis. Recent studies associated with nephrolithiasis suggest a possible beneficial effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i, also known as gliflozins), a significant group of modern antidiabetics. Below we summarize findings from a study that explored this potential in empagliflozin using conducted phase I–IV studies, including EMPA-REG OUTCOME.
News How does empagliflozin perform in older type 2 diabetics compared to liraglutide and sitagliptin in terms of HHF and MACE risks?
Last fall, a study was published in JAMA Network Open, focusing on older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), examining the cardiovascular risk impact when treated with empagliflozin, liraglutide, or sitagliptin. Currently, there is limited evidence comparing the effectiveness of various glucose-lowering agents intended for second-line treatment in DM2 patients undergoing routine care, who have a broad spectrum of cardiorenal risks.
News Benefit of Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease – Results of the EMPA-KIDNEY Study
The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin is currently used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic heart failure regardless of ejection fraction value. Its impact on renal function and the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) irrespective of the presence of T2DM was specifically evaluated in the double-blind placebo-controlled EMPA-KIDNEY study.
News Is it possible to extend the life of diabetics thanks to modern treatment?
People aged 60 with type 2 diabetes are estimated to live on average 6-7 years less compared to their peers without a diabetes diagnosis. However, clinical study results suggest that modern therapy can prevent these lost years.