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News ESC 2022: How to use gliflozins in heart failure? American guidelines now also consider the EMPEROR-Preserved study
One of the important current cardiology topics is the possibility of using gliflozins in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) regardless of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The possibilities of introducing these medicines into clinical practice, considering the issue in international guidelines, and the results of empagliflozin in recent studies were covered in a practically oriented symposium as part of the professional program of this year's European Society of Cardiology Congress (ESC 2022).
News Effect of Cataract Surgery on Melatonin Secretion in Adults Aged 60 and Over
A study by ophthalmologists and epidemiologists from Nara University in Japan, recently published in JAMA Ophthalmology, examined the relationship between cataract surgery, the use of clear and yellow intraocular lenses, and the level of melatonin secretion.
News Somapacitan administered once weekly in the treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency – current understanding
Somapacitan is a long-acting derivative of recombinant human growth hormone approved for the treatment of children and adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Dr. Reiko Horikawa from Japan's National Center for Child Health and Development in Tokyo, during the 24th Pediatric Endocrinology Days held in Brno in January 2024, showed that it is a promising therapeutic option for pediatric patients from 3 years of age, thanks to its efficacy, safety, and potential to improve therapy adherence. However, careful long-term monitoring of the safety of long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) products is still necessary.
News With MD Eva Drbohlavová on Innovations in the Treatment of von Willebrand Disease and Improving Patients' Quality of Life
Von Willebrand Disease (vWD), as the most common congenital bleeding disorder, remains underdiagnosed. However, thanks to new insights and advances in genetic testing, both diagnosis and long-term prophylaxis of the disease are gradually improving, leading to a significant reduction in bleeding and better quality of life for patients. We discuss this in more detail with MD Eva Drbohlavová from the Department of Clinical Hematology at the Regional Hospital Liberec.
News Treatment of Comorbidities of Atopic Dermatitis in One Go and Where to Refer Candidates for Biologic Therapy
Patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD) along with allergic comorbidities typically require a fairly complex pharmacotherapy to manage their difficulties. However, their everyday lives can be significantly simplified with biological therapy.
News Results of a 10-year follow-up on the safety and efficacy of etanercept treatment in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is defined as persistent arthritis of unknown etiology lasting > 6 weeks with the first onset before the age of 16. In the treatment of JIA, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intra-articular corticosteroid injections, and conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are typically utilized. In case of inadequate response, targeted biological therapy can also be used. An effective and well-tolerated drug for the treatment of polyarticular JIA is the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor etanercept. The results of its use in various forms of JIA were examined in the CLIPPER and CLIPPER2 studies.
News Monocyte Distribution Width Indicates Sepsis Regardless of Sepsis Etiology
Patients in intensive care units represent a high-risk population for the development of sepsis, which is one of the primary causes of mortality in these settings. The aim of the recently published study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic properties of the monocyte distribution width parameter in septic patients.
News What impact do the symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis have on the patient and their quality of life
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a serious chronic cholestatic autoimmune liver disease that predominantly affects middle-aged women and can lead to end-stage liver failure and the need for transplantation. Several studies published this year show a reduction in the quality of life of patients with this disease due to its accompanying symptoms.
News Current Recommendations of the American Society of Hematology for the Prevention of Thromboembolic Disease and Duration of Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Major Surgery
At the end of 2019, new recommendations were published by the American Society of Hematology (ASH) for the prevention of thromboembolic disease (VTE) in hospitalized patients. The new guidelines also addressed the duration of VTE prophylaxis in patients undergoing major surgical procedures.
News Are there mutual interactions between candesartan and amlodipine in the combination therapy of hypertension?
Monotherapy is often insufficient in the treatment of hypertension; however, combining antihypertensives with different mechanisms of action can be complicated by their mutual interactions. Therefore, a study by South Korean authors examined the pharmacokinetic interactions between candesartan and amlodipine, substances that are commonly used together in combined treatment.
News Incidence of CV Events, Malignancies, and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with RA According to Baseline CV Risk and Administered Treatment
An international team of experts evaluated the impact of cardiovascular (CV) risk on the incidence and risk of major CV events, malignancies, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tofacitinib compared to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, depending on the level of CV risk at the initiation of this therapy. The authors used data from the ORAL Surveillance study.
News Importance of Home Parenteral Therapy: ESPEN Recommendations from 2020
Home parenteral therapy currently plays a crucial role in the treatment and prevention of malnutrition in specific patient groups. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) published updated guidelines for home parenteral therapy in 2020, based on current evidence and expert recommendations.
News Virtual Echocardiography as a Potential Screening Tool for the Diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Primary pulmonary hypertension disease is associated with a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and the implementation of specific therapy are necessary to improve patients' prospects. In the near future, virtual echocardiography, which has shown good results in published studies, may become a valuable screening tool.
News Mechanisms Connecting Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
Obesity has a close relationship with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus (DM); weight gain is associated with a higher incidence of both type 1 and type 2 DM. In the development of type 2 DM, depletion of pancreatic β-cells plays a crucial role, which can no longer produce sufficient insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. The development of diabetes is much more likely if β-cell failure is accompanied by increased insulin resistance. In obese patients, there is a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerol, pro-inflammatory cytokines, hormones, and other substances in the blood, which have a fundamental impact on insulin resistance.
News Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Patients Treated With Anticoagulants
Canadian professional societies and the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom recommend COVID-19 vaccination even for patients treated with anticoagulants. The benefit of vaccination in these patients significantly outweighs the risk of hematoma associated with intramuscular injection. The recommendation applies to both warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
News Results of Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Prostate Adenocarcinoma After Radiotherapy with Short-Term Androgen Deprivation
Adding short-term androgen deprivation to radiotherapy improved overall survival, disease-specific mortality, and the incidence of distant metastases in men diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma. Subsequent analysis investigated whether the beneficial effect of androgen deprivation is long-lasting.
News New ESMO Recommendations for Investigating Circulating Tumor DNA
Liquid biopsy has been discussed in oncology for several decades. As we move from conference abstracts to its real-world application in clinical practice, the new recommendations of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) describe the examination of circulating tumor DNA from peripheral blood.
News To Vaccinate or Not to Vaccinate? That’s the Question for MS and COVID-19
What is the response of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to vaccination against COVID-19 considering the type of their treatment? Is there an increased risk of relapse after vaccination? And how to proceed with a particular patient? Although COVID-19 has been a relevant issue for a relatively long time, unfortunately, this topic remains current. Unlike in 2020, however, our knowledge has significantly advanced. Currently, relatively extensive data are available even for specific groups of the population – including precisely MS patients.
News ESC 2022: SGLT2 Inhibitors as Hope for HFpEF: How to Implement Them in Practice?
Patients with heart failure (HF) can significantly benefit from the inclusion of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i, i.e., gliflozins) in their treatment strategy according to current findings. This also applies to patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF). At the ESC 2022 congress, useful information for practical applications was presented in addition to study data. For illustration, we bring a case study from a German practice.
News Clinical and Microbiological Effect of L. reuteri in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
The Journal of Clinical Periodontology published the results of a study evaluating the effect of the probiotic bacterial strain Lactobacillus reuteri as an adjunctive treatment for chronic periodontitis.