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News Combination of SGLT2 inhibitors with metformin in terms of mechanism of action
In the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), metformin is recommended as the first-line drug alongside lifestyle modification. However, with disease progression, monotherapy is often insufficient. SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are recommended in combination with metformin in light of recent findings, as their mechanism of action is independent of insulin effect. They have shown a reduction in cardiovascular (CV) risk in diabetics with CV disease.
News Safety and Efficacy of Different Antithrombotic Regimens in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) require antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of atherothrombosis, stent thrombosis, and cerebrovascular stroke (CVS). The meta-analysis presented below attempted to clarify which antithrombotic regimen is most suitable in terms of safety and efficacy for these patients.
News Extended Thromboprophylaxis with Enoxaparin After Bariatric Surgery
A recent retrospective study involving 312 patients after bariatric surgery indicated that extended thromboprophylaxis might be an appropriate approach for preventing postoperative venous thromboembolism in these patients. In this study, the authors administered enoxaparin at a dose of 40 mg subcutaneously twice daily for 10-14 days in the majority of operated patients without an increased risk of bleeding.
News Thinking About Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most prognostically severe and difficult-to-treat lung diseases. It affects about 5 million people worldwide, with an estimated incidence in the Czech Republic of 1/100,000 inhabitants. Although it is a relatively rare disease, due to its high mortality rate (the median survival of untreated patients is 2−3 years), it is essential to have a basic awareness of the possible symptoms of IPF. Expert sources even state that, according to statistics, only pancreatic cancer leads to a faster death compared to untreated pulmonary fibrosis.
News Efficacy of L. reuteri DSM 17938 in Treating Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
Diarrheal diseases are among the most common causes of death worldwide in children under 5 years of age. Effective and timely treatment is crucial in the case of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), which is why probiotics are attracting significant attention in the context of AGE therapy. A meta-analysis published last year in the journal Nutrients focused on the efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in treating AGE in children from 3 months to 5 years old.
News Development of Albuminuria During Treatment with ACE Inhibitors and Sartans
Individual molecules from the class of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors display various distinct properties at the molecular level, and their renoprotective potential may differ. A study by Korean authors observed the development of renal parameters in individuals with albuminuria during the first 3 months after the initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), also known as sartans.
News Regular Walking as an Intervention to Support the Quality of Life of Diabetics
Diabetes mellitus (DM), as a chronic and in many cases disabling disease, limits patients in various aspects of their lives. Therefore, it is important to consider the quality of life of diabetics as part of treatment and to seek ways to appropriately support it and enable patients to be as actively involved in everyday life as possible. The American journal Diabetes Care published the results of a study evaluating the impact of regular walking on the quality of life in DM.
News New Alternative in the Treatment of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
For patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who are not suitable candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation, a wide range of treatment regimens is available. Recently, the addition of polatuzumab vedotin to rituximab and bendamustine therapy has shown promising efficacy in both registration studies and real-world clinical practice.
News Role of Chemoimmunotherapy in the Era of Rapid Development of CLL Treatment Strategies and Emergence of New Drugs
In the context of the significant advancements in the field of immunotherapy and evidence of its efficacy in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, it is pertinent to ask how this will influence therapeutic strategies in the context of first-line treatment and what the role of chemoimmunotherapy will be in the algorithms for CLL. At the 2019 NCCN Annual Congress, a panel of experts, led by Professors William G. Wierda from Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Jennifer R. Brown from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, debated this topic.
News Impact of Sacubitril/Valsartan Treatment on Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling
A meta-analysis evaluated the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on echocardiographic parameters (not only) in patients with HFrEF. The authors focused on both the presence and significance of changes, as well as the speed of their onset after the initiation of treatment.
News Orally Administered Berotralstat in the Prevention of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks
Berotralstat is an oral medication administered once daily, developed to prevent hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks. It is a kallikrein protease inhibitor, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of this disease. A phase III clinical trial, with results recently published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, evaluated the efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens of berotralstat compared to placebo in patients with HAE.
News Comparison of EHL Products in the Treatment of Hemophilia A – Pharmacoeconomic Analysis
In the work presented below, whose results were recently published, a model combining pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data was developed. With its help, the authors tried to compare the bleeding rates in hemophiliacs treated with various EHL products. At the same time, they focused on the cost-effectiveness of this treatment.
News Position of Generic Drugs in Oncology: What Are Their Main Advantages?
Generics – as is well known – are products containing the same active substance as the original medicinal product, which can enter the market after the patent protection of the original drug has expired. They are applied in various medical fields, including oncology. The main goal of producing generics is to improve the accessibility of treatment for a wide range of patients while maintaining the safety and effectiveness of the therapy.
News Position of Enoxaparin and DOACs in Extended Prevention of VTE After Surgeries for Gynecological Malignancies
The prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism is a crucial part of postoperative management in oncological diseases, including gynecological malignancies. A newly published survey study conducted in Australia and New Zealand focused precisely on these. The authors were interested in different types of postoperative prophylactic regimens and the potential use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in them.
News With Dr. Miroslav Nečas, Ph.D., on the conclusions of the recent consensus of the expert panel on the practice of biological treatment of psoriasis
This February, an expert consensus on the use of bimekizumab in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) was published based on a literature review of 102 articles, from which 19 relevant publications were selected. A panel of 9 dermatologists then voted to accept 14 consensus statements and recommendations, 12 of which received an 'A' grade, one a 'B' grade, and one a 'C' grade. We discuss key conclusions and recommendations with Dr. Miroslav Nečas, Ph.D., from the 1st Department of Dermatovenereology at MU and St. Anne's Faculty Hospital in Brno.
News Impact of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency on Quality of Life and Mental Health of Patients
The clinical manifestation of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and its impact on quality of life are highly heterogeneous. This contribution by pulmonologist Robert Sandhaus summarizes interesting findings from studies on the quality of life of patients with this disease and the factors influencing it.
News Can alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency affect severity and higher mortality in COVID-19 patients?
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is commonly found in the European population. The most cases are recorded in countries with the highest COVID-19 mortality rates. Are there direct correlations?
News ID 360 – Immunodeficiency in Interdisciplinary Collaboration 2022
For the second time, a two-day meeting titled "ID 360 – Immunodeficiency in Interdisciplinary Collaboration" took place, this time on March 25–26, 2022, in Prague. Several current topics were discussed during this professional event, which brings together experts who care for patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiencies. The meeting was professionally guaranteed by Prof. MUDr. Anna Šedivá, DSc., from the Institute of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol in Prague.
News Efficacy of Brigatinib in Patients with Metastatic NSCLC − Real-World Clinical Data
The journal Lung Cancer published the results of a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of brigatinib in patients with ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who participated in a European early access treatment program.
News Curative Potential of Neoadjuvant Denosumab in the Treatment of Giant Cell Spinal Tumor? A Case Study
Portuguese authors present a case study of a young woman diagnosed with a giant cell spinal tumor who achieved complete histological remission following denosumab treatment.
News Romiplostim Before Splenectomy in a Patient with ITP - Case Report
In the following case report from authors at a university hospital in Barcelona, the successful use of romiplostim as a second-line treatment before planned splenectomy in a patient with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), liver cirrhosis, and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome is demonstrated.
News Is exposure to mite allergens in breast milk or house dust a risk factor for asthma and allergies in childhood?
Exposure to mite allergens occurs early in life from both breast milk and house dust (especially bedding). The study presented below examined the impact of exposure to the dominant mite allergen Der p 1 on serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and the development of bronchial asthma in childhood.
News The Anti-inflammatory and Renoprotective Effect of Candesartan May Be Independent of the AT1 Receptor
Candesartan belongs to the blockers of AT1 receptors (AT1R) for angiotensin II coupled with G protein. The authors of the presented study found that the anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effect of candesartan persists even when the receptor is completely blocked. The aim of the further study was to clarify this mechanism - independent of AT1R.