Bladder cancer and smoking – a review article
Authors:
K. Vařechová; J. Janoutová; V. Janout
Published in:
Urol List 2016; 14(1): 32-35
Overview
Bladder cancer belongs to the group of malignant diseases which incidence rates rise worldwide, however mortality remains relatively stable. A number of risk factors play role in the etiopathogenesis of bladder cancer. Cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for bladder cancer. It is estimated that bladder cancer is directly linked with cigarette smoking in 50% men and 23% women. Thus the role of the urologist is currently emphasized, who can help patients to stop smoking. His role should lie primarily in educating patients about urological diseases, which are associated with tobacco use and explaining the link between cigarette smoking and its negative impact on health. The aim of the following review is to describe the significance of bladder cancer and to provide a basic overview about smoking and its role in the pathogenesis of this malignant disease.
Key words:
bladder cancer, smoking, passive smoking
Sources
1. Witjes JA, Compérat E, Cowan NC et al. European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer: summary of the 2013 Guidelines. Eur Urol 2014; 65(4): 778–792. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.11.046.
2. Malats N, Real FX. Epidemiology of bladder cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 29(2): 175–189. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2014.10.001.
3. Katolická J, Hrubá D. Faktory ovlivňující vznik karcinomu močového měchýře. Urol. pro Praxi 2003; 4(4): 142–144.
4. Kiriluk KJ, Prasad SM, Patel AR et al. Bladder cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposures. Urol Oncol 2012; 30(2): 199–211. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.10.010.
5. Volanis D, Kadiyska T, Galanis A et al. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility promote urinary bladder cancer. Toxicol Lett 2010; 193(2): 131–137. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.018.
6. Ferrís J, Berbel O, Alonso-López J et al. Factores de riesgo ambiantales no ocupacionales asociados cáncer vesical. Actas Urol Esp 2013; 37(9): 579–586. doi: 10.1016/j.acuro.2013.02.004.
7. Letašiová S, Medveďová A, Šovčíková A et al. Bladder cancer, a review of the environmental risk factors. Environ Health 2012; 11 (Suppl 1): S11. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-11-S1-S11.
8. Burger M, Catto JW, Dalbagni G et al. Epidemiology and risk factors of urothelial bladder cancer. Eur Urol 2013; 63(2): 234–241. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.07.033.
9. Grotenhuis AJ, Ebben CW, Aben KK. The effect of smoking and timing of smoking cessation on clinical outcome in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2015; 33(2): 9–17. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.06.002.
10. Macleod LC, Dai JC, Holt SK et al. Underuse and underreporting of smoking cessation for smokers with a new urologic cancer diagnosis. Urol Oncol 2015; 33(12): 504. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.07.008.
11. Lucca I, Valerio M, Jichlinski P. Gender disparities in urologic cancers. Rev Med Suisse 2015; 11(497): 2276–2278.
12. Goerlitz D, Amr S, Dash C. Genetic polymorphismsin NQO1 and SOD2: Interactions with smoking, schistosoma infection, and bladder cancer risk in Egypt. Urol Oncol 2014; 32(1): 15–20. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.06.016.
13. Wu H, Wang X, Zhang L et al. Association between N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk: results from studies of the past decade and a meta-analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 14(2): 122–129. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.10.007.
14. Mužík J, Dušek L, Babjuk M et al. Uroweb – webový portál pro analýzu a vizualizaci epidemiologie, diagnostiky a léčby urologických malignit. [online]. Dostupné z http://www.uroweb.cz.
15. Dušek L, Babjuk M, Mužík J et al. Epidemiologie urologických nádorů v České republice – pilotní report shrnující nově validovaná data NOR za rok 2008 a predikce epidemiologické situace pro rok 2012. [online]. Dostupné z: http://www.uroweb.cz/index.php?pg=home&aid=56.
16. Rink M, Crivelli JJ, Shariat SF et al. Smoking and bladder cancer: a systematic review of risk and outcomes. Eur Urol Focus 2015; 1(1): 17–27. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2014.11.001.
17. Sosnowski R, Przewoźniak K. The role of the urologist in smoking cessation: why is it important? Urol Oncol 2015; 33(1): 30–39. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.07.011.
18. Freedman ND, Silverman DT, Hollenbeck AR et al. Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women. JAMA 2011; 306(7): 737–745. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1142.
19. Zeegers MP, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. A prospective study on active and environmental tobacco smoking and bladder cancer risk (The Netherlands). Cancer Causes Control 2002; 13(1): 83–90.
20. Momas I, Daures JP, Festy B et al. Bladder cancer and black tobacco cigarette smoking. Eur J Epidemiol 1994; 10(5): 599–604.
21. Marková I. Jak ovlivňuje kouření životní styl mužů na počátku 21. století. Čas Lék čes 2010; 149(12): 591–597.
22. Pelclová D et al. Nemoci z povolání a intoxikace. Praha: Karolinum 2014.
23. Kouření vodní dýmky. Státní zdravotní ústav. [online]. Dostupné z: http://www.szu.cz/tema/podpora-zdravi/vodni-dymka?highlightWords=vodn%C3%AD+d%C3%BDmka.
24. Thomas AA, Wallner LP, Quinn VP et al. Association between cannabis use and the risk of bladder cancer: results from the California men’s health study. Urology 2015; 85(2): 388–392. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.08.060.
25. Voborská E. Vliv tabákového kouře na lidský organismus. Prevence úrazů, otrav násilí 2011; 7(1): 98–104.
26. Crivelli JJ, Xylinas E. Effect of smoking on outcomes of urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol 2014; 65(4): 742–754. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.06.010.
27. Ogihara K, Kikuchi E, Yuge K. Refraining from smoking for 15 years or more reduced the risk of tumor reccurence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2015. In press.
28. Králíková E. Nekuřáctví – základní podmínka zdravých plic. Olomouc: Solen 2005: 23.
29. Beňa F, Brázdová Z, Čadová L et al. Onkologická rizika. [online]. Dostupné z: http://www.onko.cz/_pub/publikace/onkologicka-rizika.pdf.
30. Kmeťová A, Králíková E. Novinky v léčbě závislosti na tabáku. Med. pro Praxi 2013; 10(8–9): 294–296.
31. Mobley D, Baum N. Smoking: its impact on urologic health. Rev Urol 2015; 17(4): 220–225.
Labels
Paediatric urologist UrologyArticle was published in
Urological Journal
2016 Issue 1
Most read in this issue
- Female urethral diverticulum – a difficult diagnosis and a big challenge for the surgeon
- Penile doppler ultrasound in clinical practice – a primer for urologists
- Penile cancer and penile sparing surgery – current concepts
- The use of robotic technology in female pelvic floor reconstruction