Rabdomyosarkóm klivu – kazuistika

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Authors: T. Haličková ^1,2; M. Sičák ¹; A. Kališ ³; K. Obtulovičová ¹
Published in: Otorinolaryngol Foniatr, 74, 2025, No. 2, pp. 153-158.
Category: Case Reports
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/ccorl2025153

Overview

Rhabdomyosarkóm je vysoko malígny mezenchymálny nádor, ktorý vyrastá z primitívneho mezenchýmu, ktorý sa normálne diferencuje prevažne na priečne pruhované kostrové svalstvo. Ide o najčastejší mäkkotkanivový sarkóm v detskom veku s preferovaným výskytom v oblasti hlavy a krku. Multimodálny prístup v liečbe zahŕňa chirurgiu, chemoterapiu a rádioterapiu. Predstavujeme prípad 6-ročného dievčaťa s anamnézou nosovej obštrukcie a hlienovej sekrécie viac na ľavej strane, so stratou čuchu a bolesťou hlavy nad ľavým okom. Pri klinickom vyšetrení bol zistený ružový nádor v ľavej nosovej dutine. Doplnené boli CT a MR vyšetrenia, ktoré ukázali nádorovú masu vypĺňajúcu celý nosohltan, s expanziou do ľavej klinovej dutiny, ku klivu a do prevertebrálneho priestoru. Nádorová masa kompletne uzatvárala obe choány. Pacientka podstúpila endoskopickú endonazálnu resekciu nádoru v oblasti prednej bázy lebky s využitím CT navigácie. Bol potvrdený embryonálny rhabdomyosarkóm. V pooperačnom období pacientka podstúpila adjuvantnú onkologickú liečbu, kontrolné biopsie 2 a 16 mesiacov po operácii boli negatívne. Pacientka je momentálne 3 roky po operácii – klinicky bez známok recidívy nádoru. Záver: Rhabdomyosarkóm, podobne ako iné nádory v oblasti prednej bázy lebky, predstavuje výzvu pre chirurga vzhľadom na lokalizáciu, v ktorej je úplná resekcia nádoru niekedy veľmi náročná alebo nemožná. Dôkladná predoperačná analýza zobrazovacích vyšetrení ako aj intraoperačné využitie CT/MR navigácie to umožňujú. Kompletné odstránenie nádoru zvyšuje šancu pacienta na úspešnú liečbu.

Klíčová slova:

rhabdomyosarkom – nádor prednej bázy lebky – endonazálna endoskopická resekcia

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