Authors: J. E. Jirásek 1; P. Calda 2; L. Krofta 1; E. Kučera 1; Z. Malý 3; J. Šantavý 4 Authors‘ workplace: Ústav pro péči o matku a dítě, Praha, ředitel doc. MUDr. J. Feyereisl, CSc. 2Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika, 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha, přednosta prof. MUDr. J. Živný, DrSc. 3Institut Unica, Brno, ředitel prof. MUDr. Z. Malý, DrSc. 4Ústav lékařské genetiky, 1 Published in: Ceska Gynekol 2004; (1): 27-32 Category:
Objective: Systematic classifi cation of all forms of twins and mechanisms of twinning.Design: Review of published cases. Morphogenesis based on personal experience related to humanblastogenesis including observation of anterior twinning in two early human embryos.Setting: Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Department of Medical Genetics, MedicalFaculty, Palacký University Olomouc, Institut Unica, Brno.Methods: Analysis of cases described in literature completed by observed cases.Results: Classifi cation of twins.A) Separated twins: 1. dichorial a) monozygotic (very rare), b) dizygotic (most frequent); 2. monochorial(always monozygotic) a) diamnial, b) monoamnial.B) Conjoined twins (always monozygotic) 1. isopagi (equal conjoined twins) a) originatingfrom peripheral fusions of two germ discs, b) originating from duplications of axial structures;2. heteropagi (unequal conjoined twins): autosit (main twin), heterosit (parasitic twin).Conclusion: The developmental mechanisms of twinning are discussed, special attention ispaid to equal conjoined twins and to the possibilities of their early prenatal ultrasonographicdiagnostics.
Key words: separated twins, conjoined twins, unequal twins, classifi cation, prenatal ultrasonographicdiagnostics
Don‘t have an account? Create new account
Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.
