#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

DENTAL COMPOSITE FILLING MATERIALS AS A POTENTIAL RISK OF TOXICITY FOR HUMAN ORGANISM


Authors: S. Tkáčiková;  J. Sabo
Authors‘ workplace: Ústav lekárskej a klinickej biofyziky, Lekárska fakulta UPJŠ, Košice, Slovenská republika
Published in: Česká stomatologie / Praktické zubní lékařství, ročník 121, 2021, 2, s. 48-54
Category: Original articles
doi: https://doi.org/10.51479/cspzl.2021.007

Overview

Introduction, aim: Composite materials used in dentistry are increasingly used for several reasons – aesthetics, hypersensitivity of some individuals to amalgam and concerns about the possible release of amalgam metals, and at the same time limiting its use due to the negative impact on the environment both during production and disposal. Composite materials consist of monomers, filler, polymerization initiation system and other substances that improve the properties of the filler. After application to the cavity, the filler material solidifies by a polymerization process which is initiated chemically, by light or dual. The conversion of monomers used in dentistry will never reach 100%, which is one of the weaknesses of these materials. Upon contact of the composite materials with water, alcohol as well as an acidic environment, it has been found that some components, such as non-polymerized monomers, can be gradually released from the composite. In the oral cavity, composite fillings are exposed to the constant action of saliva as well as food and beverages, which affect the release of composite components. They can cause local allergic reactions, but they can also affect the whole human body by swallowing saliva-containing monomers.

Methods: In this work, the amount of unpolymerized monomers released from selected composite materials, prepared in the shape of a cylinder with a height of approx. 2 mm and diameter of 3 mm, weighing approximately 0.05 g and cured – polymerised according to the procedure specified by the manufacturer, was determined. Subsequently, the composites were immersed in unstimulated saliva at 37 °C and the amount of monomers released was determined at several time intervals. A high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector was used for saliva analysis. The amount of monomers released into saliva over time from the curing of the composite was monitored.

Results: During the elution of monomers from composite fillers into saliva, their amount gradually increases, different monomers leach out at different concentration levels. The largest amount of released monomers was measured from composite materials containing triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, while bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate was eluted in the smallest quantity.

Conclusion: Due to the relatively high levels of released monomers, it is important in the development of composite materials to monitor their levels in saliva in the first hours after application as well as in the long term in order to produce a more biologically compatible composite.

Keywords:

composite material – Saliva – monomer release – chromatography


Sources
  1. Carvalho JC, Schiffner U. Dental Caries in European Adults and Senior Citizens 1996–2016: ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium in Greifswald, Germany – Part II, Caries Res. 2019; 53: 242–252.
  2. Lempel E, Czibulya Z, Kunsági-Máté S, Szalma J, Sümegi B, Böddi K. Quantification of conversion degree and monomer elution from dental composite using HPLC and Micro-Raman spectroscopy. Chromatographia. 2014; 77(17–18): 1137–1144.
  3. Lempel E, Czibulya Z, Kovács B, Szalma J, Tóth Á, Kunsági-Máté S, Varga Z, Böddi K. Degree of conversion and Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA elution from flowable bulk fill composites. Int J Mol Sci. 2016; 17(5): 732.
  4. Gupta SK, Saxena P, Pant AV, Pant AB.Release and toxicity of dental resin composite. Toxicol Int. 2012; 19(3): 225–234.
  5. Reichl FX, Esters M, Simon S, Seiss M, Kehe K, Kleinsasser N. Cell death effects of resin-based dental material compounds and mercurials in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Toxicol. 2006; 80: 370–377.
  6. Geurtsen W, Lehmann F, Sphal W, Leyhausen G. Cytotoxicity of 35 dental resin composite monomers/additives in permanent 3T3 and three human primary fibroblasts cultures. J Biomed Mater Res. 1998; 41: 474–480.
  7. Yoshii E. Cytotoxic effects of acrylates and methacrylates: relationships of monomer structures and cytotoxicity. J Biomed Mater Res. 1997; 37: 517–524.
  8. Al-Hiyasat AS, Darmani H, Milhem MM. Cytotoxicity evaluation of dental resin composites and their flowable derivatives. Clin Oral Invest. 2005; 9: 21–25.
  9. Darmani H, Al-Hiyasat AS. The effect of Bis-GMA and TEG-DMA on female mouse fertility. Dent Mater. 2006; 22: 353–358.
  10. Dursun E, Fron-Chabouis H, Attal JP, Raskin A. Bisphenol A release: Survey of the composition of dental composite resins. Open Dent J. 2016; 10: 446–453.
  11. Cebe MA, Cebe F, Cengiz MF, Cetin AR, Arpag OF, Ozturk B. Elution of monomer from different bulk fill dental composite resins. Dent Mater. 2015; 31(7): e141–149.
  12. Gerzinaab TM, Humeab WR. Diffusion of monomers from bonding resin-resin composite combinations through dentine in vitro. J Dent. 1996; 24(1–2): 125–128.
  13. Ciucchi B, Bouillaguet S, Holz J, Pashley D. Dentinal fluid dynamics in human teeth, in vivo. J Endod. 1995; 21(4): 191–194.
  14. Van Landuyt KL, Nawrot T, Geebelen B, De Munck J, Snauwaert J, Yoshihara K, Scheers H, Godderis L, Hoet P, Van Meerbeek B. How much do resin-based dental materials release? A meta-analytical approach. Dent Mater. 2011; 27(8): 723–747.
  15. Sasaki N, Okuda K, Kato T, Kakishima H, Okuma H, Abe K, Tachino H, Tuchida K, Kubono K. Salivary bisphenol-A levels detected by ELISA after restoration with composite resin. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2005; 16(4): 297–300.
  16. Rueggeberg FA, Dlugokinski M, Ergle JW. Minimizing patients' exposure to uncured components in a dental sealant. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999; 130(12): 1751–1757.
  17. Komurcuoglu E, Olmez S, Vural N. Evaluation of residual monomer elimination methods in three different fissure sealants in vitro. J Oral Rehabil. 2005; 32(2): 116–121.
  18. Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Duca RC, Poels K, Covaci A, Hoet P, Godderis L, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL. Monomer elution in relation to degree of conversion for different types of composite. J Dent. 2015; 43(12): 1448–1455.
Labels
Maxillofacial surgery Orthodontics Dental medicine
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#