Stručný pohľad na vlastnosti in silico, vzťahy štruktúra– –aktivita a biotransformáciu fruquintinibu, protinádorovo účinkujúceho liečiva novej generácie obsahujúceho privilegované benzofuránové zoskupenie

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Autoři: Dominika Nádaská ¹; Lucia Hudecova ²; Gustáv Kováč ²; Ivan Malík ^1,2
Působiště autorů: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic ¹; Institute of Chemistry, Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic ²
Vyšlo v časopise: Čes. slov. Farm., 2023; 72, 267-276
Kategorie: Přehledy a odborná sdělení

Souhrn

Súčasné trendy projekcie liečiv významne reflektujú tzv. privilegované zoskupenia ako základné (tzv. jadrové) štruktúrne fragmenty s rozhodujúcim vplyvom na afinitu k vhodne zvoleným biologickým cieľom, účinok, selektivitu aj toxikologické charakteristiky týchto liečiv a perspektívnych kandidátov na liečivá. Fruquintinib (1) je nový syntetický selektívny inhibítor izoforiem receptora vaskulárneho endotelového rastového faktora (z angl. vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; VEGFR), t. j. VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 a VEGFR-3. Terapeutikum (1) obsahuje planárne bicyklické heteroaromatické jadro, v ktorom sú vhodne inkorporované dva atómy dusíka, základný (jadrový) bicyklický heteroaromatický kruh – privilegované (substituované) benzofuránové zoskupenie a skupinu pôsobiacu ako donor a akceptor väzby vodíkovým mostíkom (VVM), t. j. amidové funkčné zoskupenie. Fruquintinib (1) bol prvýkrát schválený v Číne pre liečbu metastázujúceho kolorektálneho karcinómu, závažného nádorového ochorenia s vysokou mortalitou. Táto prehľadová publikácia ponúkla stručný pohľad na tému privilegovaných štruktúr, ich niekoľkých parametrov, ktorých rozsah približuje tzv. liečivu podobné (drug-like) vlastnosti, farmakodynamické charakteristiky fruquintinibu (1) a rôzne in silico-deskriptory definujúce štruktúrne a fyzikálno-chemické vlastnosti tohto liečiva (molekulová hmotnosť, počet ťažkých atómov, počet aromatických tažkých atómov, frakcia C-atómov v sp3-hybridizovanom stave, počet akceptorov VVM, počet donorov VVM, celkový polárny povrch, molekulová refrakcia, molekulový objem aj parametre lipofility a rozpustnosti). Niektoré z týchto deskriptorov súviseli s farmakokinetikou aj distribúciou fruquintinibu (1) a navyše by mohli pomôcť predikovať jeho schopnosť pasívne prechádzať hematoencefalickou bariérou (HEB). V publikácii sa hodnotila aj eventuálna súvislosť medzi indukčným potenciálom liečiva (1) voči izoenzýmom cytochrómu P450 (CYP1A2 a CYP3A4) a jeho pasívnym transportom do centrálneho nervového systému via HEB. Stručne boli takisto načrtnuté súčasné klinické skúsenosti s fruquintinibom (1) a budúce liečebné možnosti tohto terapeutika.

Klíčová slova:

privilegované zoskupenie – fruquinti- nib – vlastnosti in silico – vzťahy štuktúra–aktivita – far- makokinetika

Zdroje

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