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News Can Ketogenic Diet or Intermittent Fasting Help Patients with DM2 in Controlling Weight and Glycemia?
The foundation of managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) typically involves lifestyle adjustments, including dietary changes. Can intermittent fasting (IF) or the ketogenic diet (KD), popular dietary trends, help diabetics with weight loss and reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels? The answer was sought by authors of a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing IF or KD with other dietary regimes.
News Efficacy and Safety of Romosozumab in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis and Renal Impairment
The coexistence of osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of fractures and overall mortality in patients. A recent post-hoc analysis of two controlled randomized multicenter studies (FRAME and ARCH) investigated the efficacy and safety of romosozumab in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and mild to moderate CKD.
News Fibrinogen and Management of Peripartum Life-Threatening Hemorrhage
The most common cause of maternal death in the developed world continues to be peripartum life-threatening hemorrhage. It can result as a consequence of the consumption of coagulation factors, primarily fibrinogen. The analysis presented below summarizes information on the prevention of this complication and the use of fibrinogen concentrate therapy.
News Efficacy and Safety of Single-Application Hyaluronic Acid in Osteoarthritis Therapy
Causal therapy for osteoarthritis does not yet exist. Patients suffering from progressive joint disease are thus dependent on symptomatic medications that alleviate symptoms and partially slow the progression of osteoarthritis. An essential role in therapy is played by viscosupplementation in the form of intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid (HA). Currently, 3rd generation preparations intended for single application are preferred due to their efficiency and safety.
News Comparison of the Efficacy of Tofacitinib and Vedolizumab in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis After Anti-TNF Therapy Failure
Therapeutic options for ulcerative colitis resistant to anti-TNF-α antibody treatment are available, but there were no studies comparing the selective immunosuppressants tofacitinib and vedolizumab in this patient population. The aim of this comparison was a multicenter French study, the first results of which were presented at the 17th ECCO Congress 2022.
News Neutralizing Antibodies Against Emicizumab – Detailed Analysis Based on a Case Study
Japanese authors investigated the mechanism of reduced efficacy of emicizumab in an adult patient with hemophilia A and an inhibitor, whose treatment was discontinued due to repeated bleeding episodes with prolonged aPTT.
News FOLFOXIRI and Panitumumab in mCRC Treatment – Improvement in Treatment Response and Metastasis Resectability
For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who are able to undergo intensive treatment, the FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, oxaliplatin) or FOLFIRI (5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, irinotecan) regimens combined with monoclonal antibodies represent the standard first-line treatment. The FOLFOXIRI regimen, which is another option, was developed to further enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. The German oncologists' VOLFI study investigated the effectiveness of combining targeted therapy and triplet chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone in previously untreated patients with mCRC without RAS oncogene mutation.
News Overview of Regimen Measures for House Dust Mite Allergy
House dust mite allergy is one of the significant causes of respiratory allergies in both children and adult patients. In addition to pharmacological treatment, the cornerstone of therapy also includes non-pharmacological approaches, whether through regimen measures or with the help of products designed to eliminate mites.
News Influence of ARNI on the Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in the Treatment of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Pharmacological inhibition of neprilysin and the AT1 receptor for angiotensin II (ARNI) through sacubitril/valsartan reduces cardiovascular (CV) mortality and the risk of hospitalization for heart failure. The same benefit has also been demonstrated with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), also known as gliflozins. A pre-specified sub-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced study evaluated whether the benefit of SGLT2i is also significant in patients treated with ARNI.
News Current View on the Issue of Protein Intake in Critically Ill Patients
A summary of current knowledge and guidelines concerning the nutritional needs of critically ill patients presented last year in the journal Clinical Nutrition deals with protein intake, specifically its optimal amount, risks of incorrect approaches to protein administration, and methods for assessing the nutritional status of patients in intensive care units.
News Efficacy of Empagliflozin in HFpEF Patients – Comparison of Subpopulations with Preserved and Mid-Range LV EF
A sub-analysis of the EMPEROR-Preserved clinical trial examined the effects and safety of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) > 40%. What insights does it provide regarding the impact on cardiovascular (CV) mortality or the need for hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) concerning left ventricular function?
News Efficacy and Safety of Fixed Combination of Olopatadine and Mometasone in Nasal Spray for Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Patients with allergic rhinitis require medications with rapid onset and long duration of action. The combination of intranasal antihistamines and corticosteroids has proven effective in the past. The efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of olopatadine and mometasone in a nasal spray (GSP301) was evaluated in the study presented below by a team of American authors.
News COPD is Treated Differently Across Europe – What Could Be the Reasons for This Variability?
As part of this year's Hradec Pneumological Days (HPD 2022), the head of the Pulmonary Clinic at Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Assoc. Prof. Vladimír Koblížek, M.D., Ph.D., reflected on the different rates of prescription of mucoactive drugs to COPD patients in various European countries. According to him, it is clear that in real practice, this treatment works. So what is the reason for its varying prescription across the old continent?
News Oral Azacitidine After Achieving Remission in AML Improves Survival and Does Not Worsen Quality of Life
Orally administered azacitidine as maintenance therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after achieving remission provides a favorable effect in terms of fatigue and improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This is based on the results of the QUAZAR AML-001 study, which were published in the journal Haematologica.
News Adding Paracetamol to Tramadol to Relieve Early Postoperative Pain After Lumbar Discectomy
A recently published study is likely the first prospective randomized controlled trial comparing the postoperative analgesic efficacy of a tramadol and paracetamol combination versus tramadol alone. Its results favor the combination, with significantly lower pain scores during the first 30 minutes and reduced tramadol consumption within the first 24 hours post-surgery.
News Fixed Combination of Tramadol/Paracetamol in the Treatment of Chronic Lower Back Pain and Its Effect on Apathy in Chronically Algic Patients
Long-term chronic pain is associated with apathy, loss of motivation, and depression in patients. However, these comorbidities of chronic pain and their interconnections are still insufficiently explored. The aim of the Japanese study was to evaluate the prevalence of apathy in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) and the therapeutic efficacy of the fixed combination of tramadol/paracetamol in treating this pain and its effect on apathy in LBP patients.
News Quality of Nutrition in ICU and Subsequent Quality of Life Are Closely Related
In the past decade, there has been a reduction in mortality associated with severe sepsis or acute respiratory failure. However, the number of people requiring care in rehabilitation facilities, moving to nursing homes, and never returning home has tripled. Therefore, experts' attention should now and in the future more intensively focus on the quality of life of patients, not just indicators such as mortality. Properly chosen nutrition contributes significantly to patients leaving intensive care units with good prospects for further recovery.
News Improvement of Joint and Skin Symptoms and Their Contribution to Improving the Quality of Life in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
The cause of reduced quality of life in patients with psoriatic arthritis is the involvement of both skin and joints. Commonly used therapy certainly improves symptoms of both systems to some extent, but to what extent does this improvement correlate with a higher health-related quality of life? This question was addressed by analyzing two randomized studies.
News Management of Adverse Effects During Maintenance Treatment of AML Patients
The randomized phase III study QUAZAR AML-001 evaluated the maintenance treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients after first remission. The following text summarizes the findings regarding the most common adverse events (AEs) in this therapy and practical recommendations for managing side effects based on guidelines from professional societies.
News Pertuzumab significantly extends the life of patients with metastatic breast cancer
The final results of the CLEOPATRA clinical trial show that patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer achieve 8-year overall survival of 37% with the targeted treatment combination of pertuzumab + trastuzumab + docetaxel.
News Reducing Overall Mortality by Combining Three Antihypertensives into a Single Pill
Treating hypertension to recommended target blood pressure values often requires a combination of three antihypertensives. By simply combining these three substances into a single pill, it is possible to increase treatment adherence, reduce overall mortality in hypertensive patients, and lower healthcare costs within one year. This is demonstrated by a freshly published Italian real-world study.
News Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests in the Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Based on 81 scientific papers published between 2010 and 2021, experts from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore have prepared an overview of the current epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). We summarize information on the diagnosis of gonorrhea, chlamydial infections, M. genitalium, trichomoniasis, genital infections by HSV-1/2, and HPV using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), the most well-known method being PCR. NAAT shows high sensitivity and specificity in testing for these diseases.
News Combination of Arterial Hypertension and Increased Heart Rate as a Significant Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Heart rate is one of the basic vital signs that should be regularly measured. Sinus tachycardia can be physiological under certain conditions. However, a patient with resting tachycardia should always be examined, as tachycardia can be a symptom of a serious health problem. Especially in patients with arterial hypertension, a rapid heart rate significantly increases cardiovascular risk.