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News Proton Therapy and Its Results in the Treatment of Bilateral Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor disease in women, and its incidence sharply increases after the age of 50. Although its incidence shows a continuously increasing trend, the development of mortality is more favorable. Thanks to nationwide screening and more successful therapy, mortality has long been stable, even slightly decreasing. A relatively rare variant of this oncological disease is primary synchronously detected bilateral breast cancer (PSBBC). Experts from the Proton Therapy Center in Prague are focusing on the use of proton radiotherapy in the treatment of this clinical entity.
News What FVIII Levels Are Ideal for Preventing Bleeding in Hemophilia A?
Recent studies indicate that target trough levels of factor 1–3% during prophylactic treatment are insufficient to fully prevent clinical and subclinical bleeding. With a sustained FVIII level > 15%, as shown in studies with mild hemophiliacs, spontaneous bleeding is very rare. This raises the question of whether achieving zero bleeding incidence with FVIII replacement therapy is possible and whether it can be a realistic goal. This topic was also explored in a presentation by Dr. Ester Zápotocká from the Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital in Prague.
News No deficiency of essential fatty acids in home parenteral nutrition
A Dutch-British study, the results of which were published in the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, addressed the issue of potential deficiency of essential fatty acids in patients using home parenteral nutrition.
News What affects the elimination of bisoprolol in diabetics and patients with acute coronary syndrome?
Beta-blockers are widely used to reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk in a number of diseases. However, information about the pharmacokinetics of these drugs is still far from complete. Two studies focused on the population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) of bisoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), and we summarize their conclusions.
News Safety of Urgent Initiation of Peritoneal Dialysis
In case of urgent need for kidney function replacement, hemodialysis (HD) with a temporary venous catheter has long been the standard solution. However, it has several disadvantages such as increased mortality or the risk of bacteremia and central venous stenosis. Additionally, multiple procedures are needed to create a permanent venous access. Therefore, there is a growing global interest in urgently initiated peritoneal dialysis (PD), with several clinical studies attesting to its safety, efficacy, and feasibility. However, little has been known about early PD complications and the long-term prognosis of patients in terms of technical and infectious complications.
News Prof. Miloš Broďák: Introduction of new drugs has significantly improved results even in progressive and recurrent prostate cancers
The prognosis and treatment outcomes for patients with various stages of prostate cancer have significantly improved over the past two decades thanks to a number of new or improved modalities of diagnosis and therapy. We should soon benefit from newly introduced screening, or early detection programs, for these tumors. We briefly speak with Prof. MUDr. Miloš Broďák, Ph.D., head of the Urology Clinic of the Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Hradec Králové, about the latest advancements and challenges in this field, and comprehensively summarize the current options and procedures available today.
News Can Thyroid Hormone Supplementation Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Disorders?
The recent systematic literature review presented below, published by authors from the California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology (CIBNP), focused, among other things, on potential associations between hypothyroidism and dementia and the impact of related therapeutic interventions in terms of improving cognitive functions.
News Deep stimulation of the globus pallidus improved clinical symptoms in a patient with refractory parkinsonism and genetic mutation
The authors of the presented work studied the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a patient with Parkinson's disease with a genetic mutation that manifests in early adulthood.
News Central European Expert Consensus on the Treatment of ITP in Adult Patients
In a recently published consensus, experts from Central Europe evaluate the current treatment options for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adult patients and issue 7 recommendations for the administration of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA) in the 2nd line treatment of ITP, based on an analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials.
News Doc. Jitka Fricová: The biggest challenge remains the patient with unbearable chronic pain
Research findings are pushing the boundaries of optimal chronic pain treatment, including better prevention and reduced side effects of analgesics. Algological care is readily accessible in the Czech Republic, yet it faces limitations, such as the less manageable nature of unbearable pain, particularly neuropathic or oncologic. We briefly discuss the topic with the head physician of the Pain Treatment Center at the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital in Prague, Doc. MUDr. Jitka Fricová, Ph.D.
News Colours of Sepsis 2023: Antimicrobial Stewardship is a Necessity. The Spectrum of Effective Antimicrobial Modalities has Expanded to Include Another Combination
Inappropriate antibiotic (ATB) treatment is associated with high mortality, while unrestricted use of broad-spectrum antibiotics drives resistance development. Thus, the decision to deploy antibiotics becomes a choice between the current and future patient. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is an essential strategy in daily operations. Extending the spectrum of antimicrobial agents is equally crucial in combatting resistant bacterial strains. A symposium on this theme was part of the expert program at this year's 'festival of intensive medicine' Colours of Sepsis, held in late January in Ostrava.
News Doc. Tomáš Gabrhelík: Pain treatment should be seriously addressed by all fields, especially in seniors
Chronic pain is often underestimated, especially in older and polymorbid patients. On the other hand, during self-treatment, many patients use inappropriate medication for a long time. The treatment of prolonged and more intense pain should be managed by an algologist, and other specialists should not forget to monitor the patient's documentation to avoid medication duplication and other risks arising from inappropriate prescription. We discuss the pitfalls and benefits of analgesic treatment with doc. MUDr. Tomáš Gabrhelík, Ph.D., from the pain treatment clinic at the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc.
News INFOGRAPHIC: Mavacamten in the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is most commonly caused by disorders of cardiac muscle proteins. How does targeted treatment for this disease work? We bring a concise, graphically processed overview of the efficacy and mechanism of action of the first selective cardiac myosin inhibitor.
News Results of Knee and Hip Joint Arthroplasty in Hemophiliacs
Total endoprosthesis implantation represents an effective solution for the terminal stages of joint degeneration in hemophiliacs. However, compared to the general population, this group of patients exhibits certain specificities, a higher rate of complications, and historically worse surgical outcomes. Recent studies show that with advancements in surgical techniques, implants, and perioperative care, the results are approaching those of the population without a history of bleeding disorders.
News Weight-Based Enoxaparin Dosing vs. Standard Dosing in Trauma Patients
Thromboembolic disease is a common comorbidity in adult trauma patients, thus making routine thromboprophylaxis appropriate for these patients, most often in the form of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH). Standard thromboprophylaxis dosing regimens, however, are often associated with insufficient anti-Xa activity levels. A recently published clinical study by researchers from New York University focused on comparing the standard thromboprophylaxis regimen of enoxaparin with a weight-based dosing regimen in adult trauma patients.
News Maintenance treatment with oral olaparib in women with BRCA1/2 mutation and relapsed ovarian cancer
In a phase III study published in the journal Lancet Oncology, data on the effectiveness of olaparib in patients with ovarian cancer and BRCA1/2 mutation were evaluated. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib had previously demonstrated effectiveness in a phase II study in patients with prior sensitivity to platinum-based treatments.
News Focus on the Connections Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and COPD Exacerbations
In recent years, evidence has emerged of a higher prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). GERD symptoms are more common in them, especially in patients with severe COPD and frequent exacerbations. Why is this, and what direct links can be traced between the two diseases?
News Risks Associated with Higher Residual Concentrations of Dabigatran in Seniors and Their Prevalence
Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor indicated for patients across the age spectrum. The benefit-risk assessment of anticoagulation is individual and depends on many factors. A Dutch observational pilot study examined residual concentrations of dabigatran in seniors of different ages with atrial fibrillation to clarify the relationship between study results and clinical practice.
News Incidence of Brain Metastases and Intracranial Activity of Sotorasib in Patients with NSCLC with G12C Mutation of the KRAS Oncogene
Sotorasib is the first targeted drug approved for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the G12C mutation of the KRAS oncogene. The newly published study presented below investigated its intracranial activity.
News Focused on MS: Statistics Are Boring, But They Have Valuable Data!
What is the prevalence of multiple sclerosis? Has the proportion of patients treated with highly effective therapy changed? We bring you the latest data from around the world and domestically.
News Debate on Sepsis Biomarkers 'on Blood'
Sepsis represents a major cause of death from infectious diseases. Early identification of patients with a prognosis of sepsis is therefore crucial for their survival and prognosis. In addition to traditional biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) or procalcitonin (PCT), other markers are being sought that could be used in the differential diagnosis of sepsis. This issue was also addressed at a symposium organized by Beckmann Coulter, which took place on April 28, 2022, as part of the Colours of Sepsis congress in Ostrava.
News Dual therapy improves not only lung function but also quality of life in COPD patients
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reduces the quality of life of patients and is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. According to international recommendations, the initial pharmacotherapy is recommended as monotherapy with LAMA (long-acting muscarinic antagonists) or LABA (long-acting beta-agonists), or their combination. A pooled analysis of 4 studies compared the early addition of LABA to LAMA in patients with moderate to severe COPD.