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News Change in Mutation Characteristics of NSCLC Detected by Liquid Biopsy – Case Study
Due to changes in mutations during the progression of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or to assess treatment response, liquid biopsy is essential for monitoring, as its results can affect the selection of targeted therapy. American authors present the case of a patient with advanced NSCLC initially treated with alectinib due to positive ALK gene rearrangement, whose therapy was switched to sotorasib after disease progression and the finding of the KRAS oncogene G12C mutation in a liquid biopsy.
News Teriflunomide under the microscope in studies and practice
Not always do the conclusions from clinical studies fully confirm in real clinical practice. Does this also apply to teriflunomide? Is its efficacy and safety consistent across age groups and individual studies?
News Efficacy and Safety of Bimekizumab in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis - BE READY Study Results
The interleukin 17 (IL-17) family represents a group of pro-inflammatory cytokines that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Inhibiting interleukins from this family has a significant anti-inflammatory effect and represents a promising therapeutic target for newly developed and applied drugs.
News How to Communicate and Receive an Oncological Diagnosis
Communicating the truth to a patient about their health condition does not have a very long tradition in the Czech Republic. The Czech healthcare system started emphasizing this aspect, i.e., honest and open communication between doctor and patient, several years after the Velvet Revolution.
News Subcutaneous vs. Intravenous Immunoglobulins in Patients with CLL
Secondary antibody immunodeficiency is a common complication in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and infections, along with secondary malignancies, are the leading cause of death in these patients. Hypogammaglobulinemia can be managed with immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IGRT). Besides the classic intravenous form (IVIG), a subcutaneous form (SCIG) is also available. An Italian retrospective study published in the journal Current Oncology compared their efficacy in secondary immunodeficiency in CLL patients.
News Potential, Benefits and Proper Use of Probiotics in the Treatment of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
Clinical studies and experiences from clinical practice have shown the benefits of administering probiotics in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children. Pediatrician Dr. Natália Szitányi summarizes the possibilities and rationale for their use in this indication.
News Tofacitinib Helps Restore Intestinal Epithelial Barrier
The Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) tofacitinib was relatively recently approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, but its effect on the intestinal epithelium remains a subject of research. The objective of the study presented below was to determine how tofacitinib aids in the repair of the cytokine-damaged intestinal epithelial cell barrier.
News Prof. Roman Chlíbek: Role of Multivalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Healthy and Premature Children
Children are frequent carriers of pneumococci, which can cause both common non-invasive and more severe, life-threatening invasive pneumococcal diseases, especially in children under 1 year of age and in people over 65 years old. Almost a year ago, a pediatric indication for a 15-valent pneumococcal vaccine was approved, which is enriched with 2 new serotypes and, according to study results, appears to be potentially more effective even in protecting against serotype 3. So what are the vaccination options for healthy immunocompetent children, and what benefits does this vaccine offer for premature infants? Professor Roman Chlíbek, chair of the Czech Vaccinology Society ČLS JEP, answered these questions in his presentation at the June Interdisciplinary Conference of PLDD.
News Fixed Combination of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab for Subcutaneous Administration in Patients with Early Breast Cancer
At a symposium focused on breast cancer, held in December 2019 in San Antonio, Texas, preliminary results of the FeDeriCa clinical study were presented – comparing the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of a fixed combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab for subcutaneous administration versus intravenous administration in patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer. Based on the presented results, the drug received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
News Ocrelizumab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis in real-world practice – a systematic review of published studies
In controlled study programs, ocrelizumab has demonstrated beneficial effects on improving clinical parameters in patients with multiple sclerosis, such as the annual relapse rate or confirmed disability progression. However, to get a complete picture of its clinical benefit, real-world evidence in a broad patient population is also needed. A systematic review of real-world clinical practice studies with ocrelizumab, published in March 2023, demonstrates its benefits in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in terms of relapse frequency, disease activity on MRI, disability, absence of disease activity (NEDA), and quality of life.
News Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults
Moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is accompanied by strong inflammatory processes that can occur anywhere on the skin, intense itching, and pain. The biologic dupilumab is a promising molecule for the treatment of severe forms of this condition – results from a recently published meta-analysis indicate that this therapy is not only effective but also well-tolerated by patients.
News Parenteral Nutrition in Oncological Patients in Current ESPEN Recommendations
The current guidelines of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) address nutritional care in oncological patients − current knowledge is summarized in a total of 43 recommendations, from which we select some key points, focusing primarily on parenteral nutrition in these patients.
News Reasons for Nonadherence to Statin Therapy - Survey Results Among Patients
Adherence to statin therapy remains suboptimal despite its proven benefits in reducing cardiovascular risk in individuals with dyslipidemia. Recently published survey results conducted among patients prescribed statins have identified barriers preventing proper adherence to this treatment.
News How and What the National AATD Register Benefits Experts and Patients
Given that alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is still not receiving enough attention, it is necessary to raise professional awareness of this hereditary disease by all means. This is also one of the goals of the National AATD Register, which collects patient data to monitor the progression of the disease, identify the most suitable prognostic markers, and monitor the presence or progression of other organ impairments in these patients.
News Safety of Dabigatran According to a Meta-Analysis of 7 Randomized Controlled Trials
Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor from the group of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), developed as an alternative to vitamin K antagonists. The aim of the recently published meta-analysis was to compare the risk of bleeding, fatal adverse events, and mortality in patients treated with dabigatran and conventional therapy.
News Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Their Reversal Agents – Current Options
In the last 10 years, the options for anticoagulant therapy have expanded with the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). It appears that DOACs may soon replace warfarin in the first line of prevention of venous thromboembolism, not only due to their clinical advantages but also thanks to newly available reversal agents that can be administered in case of major bleeding in patients taking DOACs. A recently published review article summarizes the current situation in this area.
News INFOGRAPHIC: Diagnosis and Monitoring of Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Current Guidelines
What examinations should be conducted when suspecting hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a hereditary disease caused by mutations in genes encoding cardiac muscle proteins? What is the subsequent procedure for monitoring patients and their at-risk relatives? The comprehensive infographic summarizes the current recommendations of American professional societies.
News Metamizole in perioperative treatment in children under 14 years – results of a questionnaire survey from practice
A recent survey among German-speaking physicians evaluated the use of non-opioid analgesics in perioperative care in children under 14 years. It focused on the use of metamizole and the monitoring of possible agranulocytosis associated with this drug.
News Effect of Initiation of Warfarin Therapy on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Anticoagulant therapy is essential in patients with atrial fibrillation for the prevention of thromboembolic events. Warfarin is a highly effective anticoagulant, but the introduction of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has offered certain advantages over it. Shortly after starting warfarin therapy, patients have repeatedly been shown to have a paradoxically increased risk of developing ischemic stroke. The aim of the study presented below was to determine whether this increase in risk is associated with the initiation of anticoagulant therapy.
News Cariprazine − a Cardiometabolically Friendly Antipsychotic
Part of the 63rd Czech-Slovak Psychopharmacological Conference, held online from January 15−16, 2021, featured a lecture by Prof. MUDr. Jiří Masopust, Ph.D., from the Psychiatric Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Hradec Králové, titled “Cariprazine: a Cardiometabolically Friendly Antipsychotic”.