Differential diagnosis of congenital laryngeal anomalies in children

Czech version

Authors: Anna Švejdová ^1,2; Jana Šatanková ^1,2; E. Šejvlová ¹; Viktor Chrobok ^1,2
Authors‘ workplace: Klinika otorinolaryngologie a chirurgie hlavy a krku, Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové ¹; Univerzita Karlova, Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králové ²
Published in: Otorinolaryngol Foniatr, 74, 2025, No. 4, pp. 316-323.
Category: Review Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/ccorl2025316

Overview

Congenital laryngeal anomalies present a heterogeneous group of conditions, most commonly manifesting as inspiratory or biphasic stridor and swallowing difficulties in neonates and infants. Their true prevalence is likely underestimated, particularly in milder forms. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the most common congenital laryngeal anomalies and current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in paediatric otolaryngology. The review summarizes literature-based knowledge on key congenital laryngeal pathologies, including laryngomalacia, bilateral vocal fold paresis, subglottic stenosis, subglottic haemangioma, laryngeal webs, and clefts. Both conservative and surgical strategies are presented, including pharmacological treatment (e. g., propranolol for subglottic haemangioma), as well as endoscopic and open surgical interventions. The article also highlights frequent associations with other congenital malformations and syndromes, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary management. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential to prevent complications such as respiratory failure or aspiration. A comprehensive and individualized approach is crucial for the effective management of congenital laryngeal anomalies in the paediatric population.

Keywords:

laryngomalacia – congenital subglottic stenosis – vocal fold paresis – subglottic haemangioma – paediatric otolaryngology

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Prohlášení o střetu zájmů

Autor práce prohlašuje, že v souvislosti s tématem, vznikem a publikací tohoto článku není ve střetu zájmů a vznik ani publikace článku nebyly podpořeny žádnou farmaceutickou firmou. Toto prohlášení se týká i všech spoluautorů

Grantová podpora

Tento výstup vznikl v rámci programu Cooperatio, vědní oblasti SURG.

Přijato k recenzi: 19. 4. 2025

Přijato k tisku: 4. 7. 2025

MUDr. Anna Švejdová

Klinika otorinolaryngologie a chirurgie hlavy a krku

LF UK a FN Hradec Králové

Sokolská 581

500 05 Hradec Králové

anna.svejdova@fnhk.cz