Normative Data of Subjective Olfactory Tests for the Czech Population
Authors:
J. Vodička 1; A. Menšíková 2; Z. Balatková 3; H. Shejbalová 1; R. Racková 1; P. Matoušek 2; K. Straková 3; A. Pellant 1; Viktor Chrobok 4
Authors‘ workplace:
Klinika otorinolaryngologie a chirurgie hlavy a krku, Pardubická krajská nemocnice, a. s. a Fakulta zdravotnických studií Univerzity Pardubice, vedením pověřený prof. MUDr. A. Pellant, DrSc.
1; Klinika ORL FN Ostrava, přednosta doc. MUDr. P. Komínek, Ph. D., MBA
2; Klinika otorinolaryngologie a chirurgie hlavy a krku 1. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha, přednosta prof. MUDr. J. Betka, DrSc., FCMA
3; Klinika ušní, nosní a krční LF UK a FN, Hradec Králové, přednosta prof. MUDr. V. Chrobok, CSc., Ph. D.
4
Published in:
Otorinolaryngol Foniatr, 60, 2011, No. 3, pp. 119-124.
Category:
Original Article
Overview
Introduction:
The goal of this study is to obtain normative values for olfactory tests (Odourized Markers Test – OMT and Sniffin’ Sticks test) in the Czech population.
Methods:
In total 725 healthy subjects were included in the study. 669 people were tested using OMT (average age of 45.9±19.7; 317 men and 352 women) and 477 subjects (average age of 52.2±19.7 let; 231 men and 246 women) were tested using Sniffin’ Sticks. Sniffin’ Sticks test is composed of three subtests. Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification testing was performed in 244, 74, and 477 subject, respectively. 10th percentiles of healthy subjects from 16 to 35 years old were considered as normal value.
Results:
10th percentiles of the score of OMT were 9 and 7 for female and male, respectively. The values for threshold testing (Sniffin’ Sticks) were 6.95 and 5.625 for female and male, respectively; for discrimination 8 and 9.8 for female and male, respectively; and for identification 11and 9.8 for female and male, respectively.
The age negatively correlated with scores in all tests.
Conclusions:
Based on results of our study we propose the score from 9 to 12 points as normal value for OMT. In male population also 7 and 8 points can be considered as normal. We propose normal value for Identification part of Sniffin’ Sticks test for the Czech population from 11 to 16 points for females and 10 to 16 points for males.
Key words:
subjective olfactometry, olfaction, normal values.
Sources
1. Doty, R. L., Shaman, P., Dann, M.: Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol. Behav., roč. 32, 1984, č. 3, s. 489-502.
2. Hummel T., Kobal G., Gudziol H., Mackay-Sim A.: Normative data for the “Sniffin’ Sticks” including tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds: an upgrade based on a group of more than 3,000 subjects. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol., roč. 264, 2007, č. 3, s. 237-243.
3. Hummel, T., Sekinger, B., Wolf, S. R., Pauli, E., Kobal, G.: Sniffin’ Sticks’: olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem. Senses., roč. 22, 1997, č. 1, s. 39-52.
4. Kobal, G., Klimek, L., Wolfensberger, M., Gudziol, H., Temněl, A, Owen, C. M., Seeber, H., Pauli, E., Hummel, T.: Multicenter investigation of 1,036 subjects using a standardized method for the assessment of olfactory function combining tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol., roč. 257, 2000, č. 4, s. 205-211.
5. Vodicka, J., Pellant, A.: Influence of colours on results of perfumed markers test, 77. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals- Chirurgie e.V., Mannheim, 24.-28. 5. 2006; GMS Curr Posters Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006; 2 http://www.egms.de/static/pdf/journals/cpo/2006-2/cpo000117.pdf@ ISSN 1865-1038.
6. Vodicka, J., Pellant, A.: Screening anosmia using self-administration technique of the Odourized markers test. 6th European Congress of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery EUFOS 2007, Wien, 30. 6.-4. 7. 2007. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol., roč. 264, 2007 (Suppl. 1) s. 350.
7. Vodička, J., Pellant, A., Chrobok, V.: Screening of olfactory function using odourized markers. Rhinology, roč. 45, 2007, č. 2, s. 164-168.
Labels
Audiology Paediatric ENT ENT (Otorhinolaryngology)Article was published in
Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics
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