#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Involvement of MicroRNAs in Cancer Biology and Possibilities of Their Application to Diagnostic and Predictive Oncology


Authors: O. Slabý 1,3;  D. Krekáč 1,3;  R. Hrstka 1;  M. Svoboda 2,3;  R. Vyzula 2,3
Authors‘ workplace: Oddělení klinické a experimentální patologie, Masarykův onkologický ústav, Brno 1;  Klinika komplexní onkologické péče, Masarykův onkologický ústav, Brno 2;  LF MU, Brno 3
Published in: Čas. Lék. čes. 2008; 147: 25-31
Category: Review Article

Overview

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are large class of non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Their ability of translational repression applied for example on oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes indicates involvement of miRNAs in multi-step carcinogenesis. Evidences of miRNAs linkage to biological processes like apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and cell survival are rapidly accumulating. Approximately 50% of miRNAs are located at fragile sites of chromosomes or regions known to be amplified or deleted in human cancer. That is why, non-coding miRNAs seem to be another level of genetic information which regulation is altered or lost during neoplastic growth. Expression profiles of miRNAs are successfully used for molecular classification, more exact diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers and reached analogical analytical characteristics like studies based on DNA micro-arrays technology and profiling of coding transcripts. In this review we attempt to introduce basic knowledge of miRNAs biogenesis and biological functions and in particular summarise reports focused on miRNAs in oncology research area.

Key words:
cancer, apoptosis, microRNA, gene expression profiles, prediction, prognosis.


Sources

1. Esquela-Kerscher, A., Slack, F. J.: Oncomirs – microRNAs with a role in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2006, 6, s. 259–269.

2. Kent, O. A., Mendell, J. T.: A small piece in the cancer puzzle: microRNAs as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Oncogene, 2006, 25, s. 6188–6196.

3. Dalmay, T., Edwards, D. R.: MicroRNAs and the hallmarks of cancer. Oncogene, 2006, 25, s. 6170–6175.

4. Liu, C. G., Calin, G. A., Meloon, B. et al.: An oligonucleotide microchip for genome-wide microRNA profiling in human and mouse tissues. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2004, 101, s. 9740–9744.

5. Lim, L. P., Lau, N. C., Garrett-Engele, P. et al.: Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large numbers of target mRNAs. Nature, 2005, 433, s. 769–773.

6. Chen, C., Ridzon, D. A., Broomer, A. J. et al.: Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res., 2005, 33, s. e179.

7. Lao, K., Xu, N. L., Yeung, V. et al.: Multiplexing RT-PCR for the detection of multiple miRNA species in small samples. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006, 343, s. 85–89.

8. Allawi, H. T., Dahlberg, J. E., Olson, S. et al.: Quantitation of microRNAs using a modified Invader assay. Rna, 2004, 10, s. 1153–1161.

9. Lu, J., Getz, G., Miska, E. A. et al.: MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers. Nature, 2005, 435, s. 834–838.

10. Michael, M. Z., Sm, O. C., van Holst Pellekaan, N. G. et al.: Reduced accumulation of specific microRNAs in colorectal neoplasia. Mol. Cancer. Res., 2003, 1, s. 882–891.

11. Cummins, J. M., He, Y., Leary, R. J. et al.: The colorectal microRNAome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 103, s. 3687–3692.

12. Bandres, E., Cubedo, E., Agirre, X. et al.: Identification by Real-time PCR of 13 mature microRNAs differentially expressed in colorectal cancer and non-tumoral tissues. Mol. Cancer, 2006, 5, s. 29.

13. Akao, Y., Nakagawa, Y., Naoe, T.: MicroRNAs 143 and 145 are possible common onco-microRNAs in human cancers. Oncol. Rep., 2006, 16, s. 845–850.

14. Iorio, M. V., Ferracin, M., Liu, C. G. et al.: MicroRNA gene expression deregulation in human breast cancer. Cancer Res., 2005, 65, s. 7065–7070.

15. Takamizawa, J., Konishi, H., Yanagisawa, K. et al.: Reduced expression of the let-7 microRNAs in human lung cancers in association with shortened postoperative survival. Cancer Res., 2004, 64, s. 3753–3756.

16. Yanaihara, N., Caplen, N., Bowman, E. et al.: Unique microRNA molecular profiles in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer Cell, 2006, 9, s. 189–198.

17. Lee, E. J., Gusev, Y., Jiang, J. et al.: Expression profiling identifies microRNA signature in pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Cancer, 2007, 120, s. 1046–1054.

18. He, H., Jazdzewski, K., Li, W. et al.: The role of microRNA genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, s. 19075–19080.

19. Murakami, Y., Yasuda, T., Saigo, K. et al.: Comprehensive analysis of microRNA expression patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-tumorous tissues. Oncogene, 2006, 25, s. 2537–2545.

20. Chan, J. A., Krichevsky, A. M., Kosik, K. S.: MicroRNA-21 is an antiapoptotic factor in human glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res., 2005, 65, s. 6029–6033.

21. Welch C., Chen Y., Stallings R. L. MicroRNA–34a functions as a potential tumor suppressor by inducing apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncogene, 2007, 26, s. 5017–5022.

22. Voorhoeve P. M., le Sage C., Schrier M.et al.: A genetic screen implicates miRNA-372 and miRNA-373 as oncogenes in testicular germ cell tumors. Cell, 2006, 124, s. 1169–1181.

23. Calin, G. A., Dumitru, C. D., Shimizu, M. et al.: Frequent deletions and down–regulation of micro- RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99, s. 15524–15529.

24. Calin, G. A., Ferracin, M., Cimmino, A. et al.: A MicroRNA signature associated with prognosis and progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005, 353, s. 1793–1801.

25. Kluiver, J., Haralambieva, E., de Jong, D. et al.: Lack of BIC and microRNA miR-155 expression in primary cases of Burkitt lymphoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2006, 45, s. 147–153.

26. Kluiver, J., Poppema, S., de Jong, D. et al.: BIC and miR-155 are highly expressed in Hodgkin, primary mediastinal and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. J. Pathol., 2005, 207, s. 243–249.

27. Eis, P. S., Tam, W., Sun, L. et al.: Accumulation of miR-155 and BIC RNA in human B cell lymphomas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, s. 3627–3632.

28. Gregory, R. I., Shiekhattar, R.: MicroRNA biogenesis and cancer. Cancer Res., 2005, 65, s. 3509–3512.

29. Lewis, B. P., Shih, I. H., Jones-Rhoades, M. W. et al.: Prediction of mammalian microRNA targets. Cell, 2003, 115, s. 787–798.

30. Griffiths-Jones, S.: miRBase: the microRNA sequence database. Methods Mol. Biol., 2006, 342, s. 129–138.

31. Jovanovic, M., Hengartner, M. O.: miRNAs and apoptosis: RNAs to die for. Oncogene, 2006, 25, s. 6176–6187.

32. Cummins, J. M., Velculescu, V. E.: Implications of micro-RNA profiling for cancer diagnosis. Oncogene, 2006, 25, s. 6220–6227.

33. Calin, G. A., Sevignani, C., Dumitru, C. D. et al.: Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2004, 101, s. 2999–3004.

34. Cimmino, A., Calin, G. A., Fabbri, M. et al.: miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, s. 13944–13949.

35. Johnson, S. M., Grosshans, H., Shingara, J. et al.: RAS is regulated by the let-7 microRNA family. Cell, 2005, 120, s. 635–647.

36. Si, M. L., Zhu, S., Wu, H. et al.: miR-21-mediated tumor growth. Oncogene, 2007, 26, s. 2799–2803.

37. Dews, M., Homayouni, A., Yu, D. et al.: Augmentation of tumor angiogenesis by a Myc–activated microRNA cluster. Nat. Genet., 2006, 38, s. 1060–1065.

38. He, L., He, X., Lim, L. P. et al.: A microRNA component of the p53 tumour suppressor network. Nature, 2007, 447, s. 1130–1134.

39. Pfeffer, S., Voinnet, O.: Viruses, microRNAs and cancer. Oncogene, 2006, 25, s. 6211–6219.

40. Ramaswamy, S., Tamayo, P., Rifkin, R. et al.: Multiclass cancer diagnosis using tumor gene expression signatures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2001, 98, s. 15149–15154.

Labels
Addictology Allergology and clinical immunology Angiology Audiology Clinical biochemistry Dermatology & STDs Paediatric gastroenterology Paediatric surgery Paediatric cardiology Paediatric neurology Paediatric ENT Paediatric psychiatry Paediatric rheumatology Diabetology Pharmacy Vascular surgery Pain management
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#