Comparison of LDL-C calculation by Martin, Sampson and old Friedewald methods in real data and synthetic data set
Authors:
Rudolf Gaško 1,2
Authors‘ workplace:
Oddelenie klinickej biochémie a hematológie, Psychiatrická nemocnica Michalovce, n. o., Michalovce
1; Klinická epidemiológia a bioštatistika, Košice
2
Published in:
Vnitř Lék 2021; 67(E-2): 9-17
Category:
Original Contributions
Overview
Objective: LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) is determined by methods whose accuracy is significantly affected in various clinical or analytical situations. Two computational methods have recently been described, the Martin equation and the Sampson equation, validity of which we compare with the Friedewald equation.
Methods: LDL-C comparisons determined by the 3 equations were performed on 4 real sets of lipid data, generated in various previous studies, ranging from n = 140 to n = 7 393. We have created an artificial set of data on the extent of 900 members with equally distributed values of TC, HDL-C and TG troughout the commonly found range. Such a data set is independent of the phrase "we performed the calculations on our file". Comparisons were also made on this artificial file.
Results: The difference between the LDL-C values determined by the different equations gradually increases with decreasing LDL-C levels, both in the subgroup of low TG values and in the subgroups of medium and higher TG values. This applies to all 4 real files as well as to the artificial file. These differences are more visible the larger the file size. For the artificial set, the overall agreement between the LDL-C categories was lowest when comparing the Friedewald and Martin equations (83.1%), higher between the Sampson and Martin equations (88.9%) and highest when comparing the Friedewald and Sampson equations (90.9%). In all 4 real sets, the trends of overestimation and underestimation between the equations were exactly the same as in the artificial set.
Conclusion: The results of clinical and epidemiological studies are significantly influenced by the method used to determine LDL-C. When comparing the calculation methods for determining LDL-C, it is possible to preferably use the described artificial set.
Keywords:
LDL cholesterol – Friedewald equation – Martin/Hopkins equation – Sampson equation – method comparison
Sources
1. Vráblík M. Několik poznámek ze čtení posledních doporučených postupů pro léčbu DLP verze 2019. Vnitř Lék 2020; 66(1): 52–59.
2. Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 2020; 41: 111– 188. Dostupné z DOI: doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455
3. Langlois MR, Nordestgaard BG, Langsted A, et al. Quantifying atherogenic lipoproteins for lipid-lowering strategies: consensus-based recommendations from EAS and EFLM. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58: 496–517. Dostupné z DOI: doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2019-1253.
4. Solnica B, Sygitowicz G, Sitkiewicz D, et al. Guidelines of the Polish Society of Laboratory Diagnostics (PSLD) and the Polish Lipid Association (PoLA) on laboratory diagnostics of lipid metabolism disorders. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16(2): 237–252. Dostupné z DOI: doi. org/10.5114/aoms.2020.93253.
5. Reiber I, Mark L, Paragh G, Toth PP. Comparison of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level calculated using the modified Martin/Hopkins estimation or the Friedewald formula with direct homogeneous assay measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16: 237–252. Dostupné z DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2020.97847.
6. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low- -density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972 ; 18(6): 499–502. Dostupné z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ clinchem/18.6.499
7. Langlois MR, Descamps OS, van der Laarse A et al. Clinical impact of direct HDLc and LDLc method bias in hypertriglyceridemia. A simulation study of the EAS-EFLM Collaborative Project Group. Atherosclerosis 2014; 233: 83–90. Dostupné z DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.016.
8. De Wolf, HA, Langlois MR, Suvisaari J, et al. How well do laboratories adhere to recommended guidelines for dyslipidaemia management in Europe? The CArdiac MARker Guideline Uptake in Europe (CAMARGUE) Study. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508: 267–272. Dostupné z DOI: doi:10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.038
9. Friedecký B, Vecka M, Kratochvíla J, Štěpánková M. Stanovení lipidů. Dotazník dle kontrolního programu RFA SEKK 2019“, FONS bulletin 2019; 29: 14–20.
10. Gaško R. Systematický prehľad: Porovnanie priamych a nepriamych metód stanovenia LDL-cholesterolu. Lab Diagnostika 2011; 16: 37–65.
11. Martin SS, Blaha MJ, Elshazly MB, et al. Comparison of a novel method vs the Friedewald equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from the standard lipid profile. JAMA 2013; 310: 2061–2068. Dostupné z DOI: doi:10.1001/ jama.2013.280532.
12. El Khoury JM, Remaley AT, Nordestgaard BG, et al. Perspectives on the Changing Landscape of Measuring Cardiovascular Risk Related to LDL. Clin Chem 2019; 65(12): 1487–1492. Dostupné z DOI: doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2019.307306.
13. Sampson M, Ling C, Sun Q, et al. A New Equation for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients With Normolipidemia and/or Hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA Cardiology 2020; E1–E9. Dostupné z DOI: doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0013
14. Gaško R, Hefler M. Štandardizované porovnávanie rovníc na stanovenie LDL cholesterolu – Metodická štúdia. Lab Diagnostika 2020; 25: 25–34.
15. Minarikova Z, Gaspar L, Kruzliak P, et al. The effects of treatment on lipoprotein subfractions evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13(1): 158. Dostupné z DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-158.
16. Jarčuška P, Janičko M, Kružliak P, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in patients with metabolic syndrome: A complicated relationship. Results of a population based study. Eur J Intern Med 2014; 25(3): 286–290.
17. Kamezaki F, Sonoda S, Nakata S, Otsuji Y. A direct measurement for LDL-Cholesterol increases hypercholesterolemia prevalence: Comparison with Friedewald calculation. J UOEH 2010; 32(3): 2011–220.
18. Gaško R, Rácz O, Jedličková B, et al. V akej zhode sú výsledky priameho a počítaného stanovenia LDL-cholesterolu v hraničných hodnotách podľa Európskych odporúčaní (2007)? Multicentrická štúdia. Cardiol Letters 2011; 20(6): 468–475.
19. Langlois MR, Chapman MJ, Cobbaert C, et al. Quantifying Atherogenic Lipoproteins: Current and Future Challenges in the Era of Personalized Medicine and Very Low Concentrations of LDL Cholesterol. A Consensus Statement from EAS and EFLM. Clin Chem 2018; 64(7): 1006–1033. Dostupné z DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.287037.
20. DuBroff R, Malhotra A, de Lorgeril M. Hit or miss: the new cholesterol targets. BMJ Evidence- Based Medicine Epub ahead of print: [01.09.2020]. Dostupné z DOI: doi:10.1136/ bmjebm-2020-111413.
21. Davey Smith G, Phillips AN. Correlation without a cause: an epidemiological odyssey. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49(1): 4–14. Dostupné z DOI: doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaa016.
22. Zafrir B, Saliba W, Flugelman MY. Comparison of Novel Equations for Estimating Low- -Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27: 1-15. Dostupné z DOI: doi.org/10.5551/jat.57133.
23. Piani F, Cicero AFG, Ventura F, et al. Evaluation of twelve formulas for LDL-C estimation in a large, blinded, random Italian population. Int J Cardiol, in press, available online 11.02.2021. Dostupné z DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.02.009.
Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicineArticle was published in
Internal Medicine
2021 Issue E-2
Most read in this issue
- Non-pharmacological treatment of gout
- Serum butyrylcholinesterase/HDL-cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index of plasma in patients with fatty liver disease
- Application of surgical mask with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) leads to improved oxygenation in patients with COVID-19: a set of case reports
- Rheumatoid arthritis and metabolic disorders