#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Obesity and a risk of carcinoma


Authors: J. Payer;  P. Jackuliak;  M. Nagyová
Authors‘ workplace: V. interná klinika Lekárskej fakulty UK a UN Bratislava, Slovenská republika, prednosta prof. MU Dr. Juraj Payer, CSc.
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2010; 56(10): 1082-1087
Category: Obesity 2010

Overview

At present, obesity and tumour diseases represent an important healthcare issue that has its socioeconomic and social dimensions. It has been known from literature for some time that certain types of tumours are more common in obese people than in people with normal body weight. About 3.2% of newly diagnosed cancers in men and 8.8% in women are associated with high body mass index (BMI). However, many studies suggest a more significant correlation between a waist‑ to‑ hip ratio (WHR) and a risk of cancer than a BMI. This is in line with the current orientation of knowledge not only to the quantity but mainly to the distribution of adipose tissue within a body with focus on metabolically active adipose tissue. Similarly, pathogenesis of cancers in obese patients is determined by a range of important mechanisms and metabolites such as insulin, insulin‑like growth factors (IGFs), insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, leptin and many others. Despite this, many interconnections remain unknown. However, based on the results of many clinical and epidemiological studies we may argue that obesity is considered a risk factor of a number of tumour diseases such as prostate tumours, breast cancers in postmenopausal women, endometrial tumours, kidney or gastrointestinal tumours (stomach, oesophagus, colon).

Key words:
obesity –  risk of carcinoma –  insulin resistance


Sources

1. Svačina Š. Obezita a diabetes. Praha: Maxdorf 2000.

2. Lévy E, Lévy P, Le Pen C et al. The economic cost of obesity: the French situation. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995; 19: 788– 792.

3. Tsugane S, Sasaki S, Tsubono Y. Under‑  and overweight impact on mortality among middle‑ aged Japanese men and women: a 10- y follow‑up of JPHC study cohort I. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002; 26: 529– 537.

4. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M et al. Body mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta‑analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 2008; 371: 569– 578.

5. Renehan AG, Soerjomataram I, Tyson Met al. Incident cancer burden attributable to excess body mass index in 30 European countries. Int J Cancer 2010; 126: 692– 702.

6. Hainer V. Základy klinickej obezitologie. Praha: Grada Publishing 2004.

7. Janco A, Hainer V. Komplikace obezity. In: Hainer V, Kunešová M et al (eds). Obezita. Praha: Galén 1997.

8. Housa D, Haluzík M, Vernerová Z et al. Obezita, adipocytokíny a karcinóm prostaty. Urol Prax 2007; 1: 10– 14.

9. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M et al. Body‑mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta‑analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 2008; 371: 569– 578.

10. Reeves GK, Pirie K, Beral V et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: cohort study. BMJ 2007; 335: 1134.

11. Renehan AG, Roberts DL, Dive C. Obesity and cancer: pathophysiological and bio­logical mechanisms. Arch Physiol Biochem 2008; 114: 71– 83.

12. Giovannucci E. Insulin and colon cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1995; 6: 164– 179.

13. Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A. Diabetes mellitus and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta‑analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97: 1679– 1687.

14. Huxley R, Ansary‑ Moghaddam A, Berrington de González A et al. Type‑ II diabetes and pancreatic cancer: a meta‑analysis of 36 studies. Br J Cancer 2005; 92: 2076– 2083.

15. Friberg E, Orsini N, Mantzoros CS et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta‑analysis. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 1365– 1374.

16. Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C et al. Insulin‑like growth factor (IGF)‑ I, IGF binding protein‑3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta‑regression analysis. Lancet 2004; 363: 1346– 1353.

17. Renehan AG, Harvie M, Howell A. Insulin‑like growth factor (IGF)‑ I, IGF binding protein‑3, and breast cancer risk: eight years on. Endocr Relat Cancer 2006; 13: 273– 278.

18. Derby CA, Zilber S, Brambilla D et al. Body mass index, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio and change in sex steroid hormones: the Massachusetts Male Ageing Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006; 65: 125– 131.

19. Snowdon DA, Phillips RL, Choi W. Diet, obesity, and risk of fatal prostate cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 120: 244– 250.

20. Amling CL. Relationship between obesity and prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol 2005; 15: 167– 171.

21. Thompson IM, Leach R, Troyer D et al. Relationship of body mass index and prostate specific antigen in a population‑based study. Urol Oncol 2004; 22: 127– 131.

22. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker‑ Thurmond K et al. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 2003; 48: 1625– 1638.

23. Hsing AW, Deng J, Sesterhenn IA et al. Body size and prostate cancer: a population‑based case‑ control study in China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9: 1335– 1341.

24. Gunter MJ, Leitzmann MF. Obezity and colorectal cancer: epidemiology, mechanism and candidate genes. J Nutr Biochem 2006; 17: 145– 156.

25. Slattery ML, Wolff RK, Herrick J et al. Leptin and leptin receptor genotypes and colon cancer: gene‑ gene and gene‑lifestyle interactions. Int J Cancer 2008; 122: 1611– 1617.

26. Birmingham JM, Busik JV, Hansen‑ Smith FM et al. Novel mechanism for obesity‑induced colon cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30: 690– 697.

27. Pischon T, Lahmann PH, Boeing H et al. Body size and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Nattl Cancer Inst 2006; 98: 920– 931.

28. Kaklamani VG, Wisinski KB, Sadim M. Variants of the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) genes and colorectal cancer risk. JAMA 2008; 300: 1523– 1531.

29. Cui Y, Whiteman MK, Flaws JA et al. Body mass and stage of breast cancer at diagnosis. Int J Cancer 2002; 98: 279– 283.

30. Friedenreich CM. Review of anthropometric factors and breast cancer risk. Eur J Cancer Prev 2001; 10: 15– 32.

31. Petrelli JM, Calle EE, Rodriguez C et al. Body mass index, height, and postmenopausal breast cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. women. Cancer Causes Control 2002; 13: 325– 332.

32. Lahmann PH, Lissner L, Gullberg B et al. A prospective study of adiposity and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Int J Cancer 2003; 103: 246– 252.

33. Lahmann PH, Schulz M, Hoffmann K et al. Long‑term weight change and breast cancer risk: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC). Br J Cancer 2005; 93: 582– 589.

34. San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium Source reference: Ewertz M et al. Effect of obesity on prognosis after early breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69 (Suppl 24): Abstract 18.

35. Cancer incidence in five continents. In: Parkin DM, Whelan SL, Ferlay J et al (eds). IARC Scientific. Publication. No. 143, Vol. VII, 1– 1240. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer 1997.

36. Bergström A, Pisani P, Tenet V et al. Overweight as an avoidable cause of cancer in Europe. Int J Cancer 2001; 91: 421– 430.

37. Kaaks R, Lukanova A, Kurzer MS. Obesity, endogenous hormones, and endometrial cancer risk: a synthetic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002; 11: 1531– 1543.

38. Bjørge T, Engeland A, Tretli S et al. Body size in relation to cancer of the uterine corpus in 1 million Norwegian women. Int J Cancer 2007; 120: 378– 383.

39. Bianchini F, Kaaks R, Vainio H. Overweight, obesity, and cancer risk. Lancet Oncol 2002; 3: 565– 574.

40. Chow WH, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS et al. Obesity and risk of renal cell cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996; 5: 17– 21.

41. Hu J, Mao Y, White K. Overweight and obesity in adults and risk of renal cell carcinoma in Canada. Soz Praventivmed 2003; 48: 178– 185.

42. Chow WH, Gridley G, Fraumeni JF Jr et al. Obesity, hypertension, and the risk of kidney cancer in men. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1305– 1311.

43. Martel CL, Lara PN. Renal cell carcinoma: current status and future directions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2003; 45: 177– 190.

Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicine
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#