#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Adrenal cancer


Authors: M. Kršek
Authors‘ workplace: III. interní klinika – klinika endokrinologie a metabolizmu 1. lékařské fakulty UK a VFN Praha, přednosta prof. MUDr. Štěpán Svačina, DrSc., MBA
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2009; 55(1): 54-61
Category: Reviews

Overview

Adrenal cancer is a rare disease which is often diagnosed at a late stage and usually has a poor prognosis. This review article gives a current knowledge on the etiopathogenesis, which could lead to the improvement of therapeutic strategies and possibly outcomes of therapy. Further, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and current treatment options in patients with adrenal cancer are summarized. The multidisciplinary approach as well as centralized care is necessary for successful management of patients with adrenal cancer and for improvement of their poor prognosis.

Key words:
adrenal – cortex – cancer – aetiology – diagnosis – treatment


Sources

1. Abiven G, Coste J, Groussin L et al. Clinical and biological features in the prognosis of adrenal cortical carcinoma. Poor outcome of cortisol secreting tumors in a series of 202 consecutive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 2650–2655.

2. Allolio B, Hahner S, Weissmann D et al. Management of adrenocortical carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol 2004; 60: 273–287.

3. Arnaldi G, Freddi S, Mancini T et al. Transforming growth factor beta1: implications in adrenocortical tumorigenesis. Endocr Res 2000; 26: 905–910.

4. Aubert S, Wacrenier A, Leroy X et al. Weiss system revisited: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 49 adrenocortical tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2002; 26: 1612–1619.

5. Baudin E, Docao C, Gicquel C et al. Use of a topoisomerase I inhibitor (irinotecan, CPT-11) in metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2002; 13: 1806–1809.

6. Bernini GP, Moretti A, Bonadio AG et al. Angiogenesis in human normal and pathologic adrenal cortex. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 4961–4965.

7. Berruti A, Terzolo M, Pia A et al. Mitotane associated with etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced adrenocortical carcinoma. Cancer 1998; 83: 2194–2200.

8. Berruti A, Terzolo M, Sperone P et al. Etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin plus Op’DDD in the treatment of advanced adrenal cortical carcinoma: a large prospective phase II trial. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005; 12: 657–666.

9. Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Karl M et al. Clonal composition of human adrenocortical neoplasm. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 4927–4932.

10. Blakker H, Sutter C, Kadmon M et al. Analysis of somatic APC mutations in rare extracolonic tumors of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis coli. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 41: 93–98.

11. Boulle N, Logie A, Gicquel C et al. Increased levels of insulin‑like growth factor II (IGF‑II) and IGF‑binding protein‑2 are associated with malignancy in sporadic adrenocortical tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 1713–1720.

12. Bossis I, Stratakis CA. Minireview: Prkar1a: normal and abnormal functions. Endocrinology 2004; 145: 5452–5458.

13. Caoili EM, Korobkin M, Francis IR et al. Adrenal masses: characterization with combined unenhanced and delayed enhanced CT. Radiology 2002; 222: 629–633.

14. de Baere T, Dufaux J, Roche A et al. Circulatory alterations induced by intra-arterial injection of iodized oil and emulsions of iodized oil and Doxorubicin: Experimental study. Radiology 1995; 194: 165–170.

15. de Fraipont F, El Atifi M, Cherradi N et al. Gene expression profiling of human adrenocortical tumors using cDNA microarrays identifies several candidate genes as markers of malignancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 1819–1829.

16. Fallo F, Pilon C, Barzon L et al. Paclitaxel is an effective antiproliferative agent on the human NCI-H295 adrenocortical carcinoma cell line. Chemotherapy 1998; 44: 129–134.

17. Fratticci A, Bertherat J. Adrenocortical cancer: pathophysiology and clinical management. Endocr Relat Cancer 2007; 11: 13–28.

18. Fryšák Z, Záťura F, Benýšek L et al. Incidentalomy nadledvin. Klinické zkušenosti. Vnitř Lék 1998; 44: 538–540.

19. Gao ZH, Suppola S, Liu J et al. Association of H19 promoter methylation with the expression of H19 and IGF‑II genes in adrenocortical tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 1170–1176.

20. Gicquel C, Bertagna X, Gaston V et al. Molecular markers and long‑term recurrences in a large cohort of patients with sporadic adrenocortical tumors. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 6762–6767.

21. Gonzales RJ, Shapiro S, Sarlis N et al. Laparoscopic resection of adrenal cortical carcinoma: a cautionary note. Surgery 2005; 138: 1078–1085.

22. Gross MG, Shapiro B, Francis IR. Scintigrafic evaluation of clinically silent adrenal masses. J Nucl Med 1994; 35: 1145–1152.

23. Grumbach MM, Biller BMK, Braunstein GD et al. Management of the clinically inaparent adrenal mass („incidentaloma“). Ann Intern Med 2003; 138: 424–429.

24. Haak HR, Hermans J, van de Velde CJ et al. Optimal treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma with mitotane: results in consecutive series of 96 patients. Br J Cancer 1994; 69: 947–951.

25. Hisada M, Garber JE, Fung CY et al. Multiple primary cancers in families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 606–611.

26. Hussain HK, Korobkin M. MR imaging of the adrenal glands. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2004; 12: 515–544.

27. Chiche L, Dousset B, Kieffer E et al. Adrenal cortical carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava: presentation of a 15-patient series and review of the literature. Surgery 2006; 139: 15–27.

28. Icard P, Goudet P, Charpenay C et al. Adrenocortical carcinomas: surgical trends and results of a 253-patients series from the French Association of Endocrine Surgeons study group. World J Surg 2001; 25: 891–897.

29. Jorda M, De MB, Nadji M. Calretinin and inhibin are useful in separating adrenocortical neoplasms from pheochromocytomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2002; 10: 67–80.

30. Khan TS, Sundin A, Juhlin C et al. Vincristine, cisplatin, teniposide, and cyclophosphamide combination in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma. Med Oncol 2004; 21: 167–177.

31. Kloos RT, Gross RT, Francis IR et al. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocr Rev 1995; 16: 460–484.

32. Kršek M, Matějovská H. Diferenciální diagnóza incidentalomů nadledvin a úloha zobrazovacích metod. Vnitř Lék 2002; 48: 409–415.

33. Kršek M. Incidentalomy nadledvin. Vnitř Lék 2007; 53: 821–825.

34. Lack EE. Recommendations for the reporting of tumors of the adrenal cortex and medulla. Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology. Virchows Arch 1999; 435: 87–91.

35. Lam WW, Hatada I, Ohishi S et al. Analysis of germline CDKN1C (p57kip2) mutations in familial and sporadic Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) provides a novel genotype-phenotype correlation. J Med Genet 1999; 36: 518–523.

36. Leboulleux S, Dromain C, Bonniaud G et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in adrenocortical carcinoma: a prospective comparison with computed tomography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 91: 920–925.

37. Libé R, Gicquel C, Bertagna X et al. Molecular genetics of adrenal cortical carcinoma. 13–23. In: Bertagna X. Adrenal cancer. France, Montrouge: John Libbey Eurotext 2006, 133 s.

38. Luton JP, Cerdas S, Billaud L et al. Clinical features of adrenocortical carcinoma, prognostic factors, and the effect of mitotane therapy. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1195–1201.

39. Luton JP, Martinez M, Coste J et al. Outcome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma selected for surgery: an analysis of 88 cases investigated in a single clinical center. Eur J Endocrinol 2000; 143: 111–117.

40. MacFarlane DA. Cancer of the adrenal cortex; natural history, prognosis and treatment in a study of fifty-five cases. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1958; 23: 155–186.

41. McGahan J, Browning P, Brock J et al. Hepatic ablation using radiofrequency electrocautery. Invest Radiol 1990; 25: 267–270.

42. Nelson AA, Woodard G. Severe adrenal cortical atrophy (cytotoxic) and hepatic damage produced in dogs by feeding 2,2-bis-(parachlorphenyl)-1,1-dichlorethane (DDD). Arch Pathol 1949; 48: 387.

43. Newell‑Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB et al. Cushing’s syndrome. Lancet 2006; 367: 1605–1617.

44. Pan CC, Chen PC, Tsay SH et al. Dif­ferential immunoprofiles of hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma: a systemic immunohistochemical survey using tissue array technique. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2005; 13: 347–352.

45. Paulsen SD, Nghiem HV, Korobkin M et al. Changing role of imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy of adrenal masses: evaluation of 50 adrenal biopsies. Am J Roentgenol 2004; 182: 1033–1037.

46. Reincke M, Beuschlein F, Menig G et al. Localization and expression of adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor mRNA in normal and neoplastic human adrenal cortex. J Endocrinol 1998; 156: 415–423.

47. Roche A, Girish BV, de Baere T et al. Trans‑catheter arterial chemoembolisation as first‑line treatment for hepatic metastases from endocrine tumors. Eur Radiol 2003; 13: 136–140.

48. Ross NS, Aron DC. Hormonal evaluation of the patient with an incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1401–1405.

49. Saeger W. Histopathological classification of adrenal tumors. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30 (Suppl 3): 58–62.

50. Saunders BD, Doherty GM. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for malignant disease. Lancet Oncol 2004; 5: 718–726.

51. Schulte KM, Mengel M, Heinze M et al. Complete sequencing and messenger ribonucleic acid expression analysis of the MEN 1 gene in adrenal cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 441–448.

52. Soon PSH, McDonald KL, Robinson BG et al. Molecular markers and pathogenesis of adrenocortical cancer. Oncologist 2008; 13: 548–561.

53. Soreide JA, Braband K, Thoresen SO. Adrenal cortical carcinoma in Norway, 1970–1984. World J Surg 1992; 16: 663–667.

54. Stojadinovic A, Brennan MF, Hoos A et al. Adrenocortical adenoma and carcinoma: histopathological and molecular comparative analysis. Mod Pathol 2003; 16: 742–751.

55. Tissier F, Cavard C, Groussin L et al. Mutations of beta‑catenin in adrenocortical tumors: activation of the Wnt signalling pathway is a frequent event in both benign and malignant adrenocortical tumours. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 7622–7627.

56. Venkatesh S, Hickey RC, Sellin RV et al. Adrenal cortical carcinoma. Cancer 1989; 64: 765–769.

57. Weber MM, Auernhammer CJ, Kiess W et al. Insulin‑like growth factor receptors in normal and tumorous adult human adrenocortical glands. Eur J Endocrinol 1997; 136: 296–303.

58. Weiss LM. Comparative histologic study of 43 metastasizing and nonmetastasizing adrenocortical tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 1984; 8: 163–169.

59. Wiedemann HR. Tumors and hemihypertrophy associated with Wiedemann‑Beckwith syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 1983; 141: 129.

60. Wieneke JA, Thompson LDR, Heffess CS. Adrenal cortical neoplasms in the pediatric population. A clinical and immunophenotypic analysis of 83 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27: 867–881.

61. Wood BJ, Abraham J, Hvizda JL et al. Radiofrequency ablation of adrenal tumors and adrenocortical carcinoma metastases. Cancer 2003; 97: 554–560.

62. Libé R, Fratticci A, Bertherat J. Adrenocortical cancer: pathophysiology and clinical management. Endocrine-Related Cancer 2007; 11: 13–28.

Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicine
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#