Can GPs ease the plight of informal carers?
Authors:
H. Záškodná 1; J. Šimek 1; S. Bártlová 2; H. Hajduchová 2; J. Horová 2; L. Motlová 3; M. Trešlová 2; I. Brabcová 2
Authors‘ workplace:
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Zdravotně sociální fakulta
; Ústav humanitních studií v pomáhajících profesích (UHP), Ředitelka: Mgr. Vlastimila Ptáčníková, Ph. D.
1; Ústav ošetřovatelství, porodní asistence a neodkladné péče, Ředitelka: prof. PhDr. Valérie Tóthová, Ph. D.
2; Ústav sociálních a speciálně pedagogických věd, Ředitelka: doc. Mgr. et Mgr. Jitka Vacková, Ph. D.
3
Published in:
Prakt. Lék. 2021; 101(6): 327-333
Category:
Of different specialties
Overview
Goal. The goal of the research was to find connections between the burden of caregivers care and the evaluation of own efficiency in load management.
Methodology. The questionnaire of own construction was used to obtain data on sociodemographic characters of family caregivers (N = 168). Then the test of caregiver’s burden (TPZ) and scale SES to measure perceived own efficiency (Self-Efficacy Scale, M. Jerusalema, R. Schwarzera) were used. The research set of respondents was constructed by the method of intentional selection from persons who take care for own handicapped children or seniors and they are users of a non-profit organization services.
Results. Results showed the higher level of experienced physical, psychical and social burden of unformal family caregivers. Negative relationship between perceived self-efficacy and the level of experienced caregiver’s burden mainly in male caregivers was also proved.
Conclusion. Unformal caregivers play essential role in the health care for handicapped children or seniors. Results pointed out close relationships between informal caregiver ships burden and subjectively evaluated level of load resistance. Stated characteristics were chosen to help better understand personal situation of family caregivers. Targeted social health care and social psychological interventions could alleviate the burden and in this way improve the quality of life both caregivers and recipients of care.
Keywords:
unformal family caregivers – caregiver’s burden – exhaustion – sociodemographic characters of unformal caregivers – self-efficacy
Sources
1. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev 1977; 84(2): 191–215.
2. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman 1997.
3. Bandura A. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annu Rev Psychol 2001; 52: 1–26.
4. Bandura A, Adams NE, Hardy AB, Howells GN. Tests of the generality of self-efficacy theory. Cogn Ther Res 1980; 4: 39–66.
5. Benight CC, Bandura A. Social cognitive theory of posttraumatic recovery: The role of perceived self-efficacy. Behav Res Ther 2004; 42(10): 1129–1148.
6. Boss P. Family stress management: A contextual approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 2002.
7. del-Pino-Casado R, Priego-Cubero E, López-Martínez C, Orgeta V. Subjective caregiver burden and anxiety in informal caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis [online]. PLoS ONE 2021; 16(3): e0247143. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0247143 [cit. 2021-12-11].
8. Alves LCS, Monteiro DQ, Bento SR, et al. Burnout syndrome in informal caregivers of older adults with dementia: A systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2019; 13(4): 415–421.
9. Hoffman ML. Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. New York: Cambridge University Press 2000.
10. Horová J, Bártlová S, Hajduchová H, a kol. Neformální péče o osobu závislou na péči – možnosti podpory a pomoci. Logos Polytechnikos 2021; 1: 14–28.
11. Chang Y. Psychometric validity of the Problem-Focused Style of Coping scale: in relation to self-efficacy and life satisfaction among nursing staff in Taiwan. J Adv Nurs 2011; 67(7): 1625–1630.
12. Jerusalem M, Schwarzer R. Self-efficacy as a resource factor in stress appraisal processes. In R. Schwarzer (ed.), Self-efficacy: Thought control of action. Washington DC: Hemisphere 1992; 195–213.
13. Jansen L, Eecloo L, Vanwing A, Schoenmakers B. You never walk alone: an exploratory study of the needs and burden of an informal care group. Health Soc Care Community 2019; 27(2): 1–8.
14. Kebza V, Šolcová I. Burnout syndrom: teoretická východiska, diagnostické a intervenční možnosti. Cesk Psychol 1998; 42(5): 429–448.
15. Kotrusová M, Dobiášová K, Hošťálková J. Role rodinných pečovatelů v systému sociální a zdravotní péče v ČR (2013) [online]. Dostupné z: http://www.vupsv.cz/2013/12/10/role-rodinnychpecovatelu- v-systemu-socialni-a-zdravotni-pece-v-cr/ [cit. 2021- 12-11].
16. Křivohlavý J, Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M. Czech adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale [online]. Dostupné z: http:// userpage.fu-berlin.de/~health/czec.htm [cit. 2021-12-11].
17. Loh AZ, Tan JS, Zhang MW, Ho RC. The global prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among caregivers of stroke survivors. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18(2): 111–116.
18. Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job Burnout. Annu Rev Psychol 2001; 52: 397–422.
19. Mlčák Z, Záškodná H. Prosociální charakteristiky osobnosti dobrovolníků. Ostrava: Filozofická fakulta OU 2013.
20. Paulík K. Psychologie lidské odolnosti. 2., přepracované a doplněné vydání. Praha: Grada Publishing 2020.
21. Sallim AB, Sayampanathan AA, Cuttilan A, Ho R. Prevalence of mental health disorders among caregivers of patients with Alzheimer disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16(12): 1034–1041.
22. Schulz R, Sherwood PR. Physical and mental health effects of family caregiving. Am J Nurs 2008; 108(9 Suppl): 23–27.
23. Schulz R, Tompkins CA. Informal caregivers in the United States: prevalence, caregiver characteristics, and ability to provide care. In: Olson S. (ed.) The role of human factors in home health care: Workshop summary. Washington DC: National Academies Press 2010.
24. Schwartzer R. (ed.) Self-efficacy: Thought control of action. Washington, DC: Hemisphere 1992.
25. Schwartzer R. Optimism, vulnerability, and self-beliefs as health-related cognitions: A systematic overview. Psychol Health 1994; 9(3): 161–180.
26. Topinková E. Péče o staré v rodině. Lze identifikovat rodiny s vysokou mírou pečovatelské zátěže? Prakt. Lék. 1995; 75(7–8): 366–369.
27. Triantafillou J, Naiditch M, Repkova K, et al. Informal care in the long-term care systém [online]. Dostupné z: http://interlinks. euro.centre.org/sites/default/files/WP5_Overview_FINAL_04_11. pdf [cit. 2021-12-11].
28. Truzzi A, Valente L, Ulstein I, et al. (2012). Burnout in familial caregivers of patients with dementia. Braz J Psychiatry 2012; 34(4): 405–412.
29. Zarit SH, Todd PA, Zarit JM. Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers: a longitudinal study. Gerontologist 1986; 26(3): 260–266.
Labels
General practitioner for children and adolescents General practitioner for adultsArticle was published in
General Practitioner
2021 Issue 6
Most read in this issue
- Quality of life of patients after orthotopic liver transplantation performed for alcoholic cirrhosis
- Can GPs ease the plight of informal carers?
- Specifics of evidence-based practice guidelines for public health domain and proposal of an algorithm for their development and evaluation
- Mesenchymal stem cells business – importance of informed consent