The Significance of Sentinel Node Examination in Melanoma: Part I. A Review

Overview

The sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the lymph node localized next to the tumour in the direction of lymphatic drainage. Though it is the first lymph node to which the metastatic cells could migrate through lymphatics. The regional lymphatic basin and SLN localization is identified by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, followed by surgical removal of the node identified by the vital blue dye and labelled radiocolloid.

Removed lymph node is examined by pathologist according to the recommended scheme, using basic hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical methods. Excision and histopathological examination helps to precise the disease staging and to decide about possible future treatment strategy. The SLN histopathological state defines with high probability the state of other regional lymph nodes. At present, the SLN examination is considered to be a standard examination procedure enabling to precise disease staging. If all indication and contraindication restrictions are respected, it represents the method with minimal burden and neglectable complications for the patient.

Key words:
melanoma – sentinel lymph node – indications and contraindications – significance of examination