Results of Conservative Non-Pharmacological Therapy in Female Patients with Urinary Incontinence

Overview

Introduction:
The urinary incontinence belongs among the most frequent health problems especially in female population. Hundreds millions people suffer from urinary incontinence worldwide. This condition is not associated with a high morbidity or mortality; it influences the quality of life of affected patients however.

The article assesses both subjective and objective results of the conservative non-pharmacological therapy and its effect to the quality of life in the set of female patients with urinary incontinence of all types.

Material and methods:
The set totaled 69 female patients suffering from urinary incontinence treated by conservative non-pharmacological therapy. Patients with all type of incontinence (stress incontinence, urgent incontinence, mixed-type incontinence) of the Ist -⁠ IInd seriousness degree were included into the set. The average age of the set was 55 (19-80) years.

All patients were treated in a complex way in accordance with principles of the so-called “Ostrava concept“ of the conservative non-pharmacological therapy.

Subjective results were evaluated using the visual-analog scale (VAS) while objective results were evaluated by the perineometric measurement of the pelvic floor. The quality of life was assessed using the I-QoL questionnaire. The assessment was performed before the therapy started and 6 months after.

Results:
Before the therapy the value at VAS was 5.82, after the therapy the value at VAS was 2.73. The index of the quality of life in our set before the treatment was 55.6 (13.6 –⁠ 92.7), after the treatment it was 72.6 (22.7 –⁠ 98.7).

The value of the maximum contraction force of the pelvic floor muscles before the treatment was 16.9 (5–51) cm H₂O, after the treatment it was 17.4 (5–37) cm H₂O, the mean value of the contraction force of the pelvic floor muscles before treatment was 10.8 (6–39) cm H₂O, after the treatment it was 12.8 (3–33) cm H₂O, average persistence time of the maximum contraction of pelvic floor muscles before the therapy was 5.5 (1–16) sec while after the therapy it changed to 9.1 (1–19) sec.

Conclusion:
Based on results obtained the conservative non-pharmacological therapy can be assessed as an efficient treatment method in case of the incontinence of Ist and IInd degree. Due to its non-invasive character and the absence of adverse effects it should be considered to be the first choice treatment in case of female patient with urinary incontinence.

Key words:
stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, quality of life, pelvic floor muscles, conservative therapy, pelvic floor exercise, bladder training