Contribution of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Operability of Cancers of the Uterine Cervix

Overview

Objective:
To compare per-operative and post-operative morbidity in patients undergoing radical surgery for carcinoma of the uterine cervix after administration of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and for primarily small cervical tumour.

Type of the study:
A retrospective case-control study.

Setting:
Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, 1^st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital, Prague.

Methods:
The study included 24 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix who underwent radical hysterectomy including systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy after previous administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) during the period between 1/2004 and 6/2006. The control group of 24 patients was selected retrospectively from the population of women after radical surgery carried out in the same period, nevertheless, the controls underwent the surgery for primarily small carcinoma of the uterine cervix, stages IA2 or IB1. The tumour size consistent with the reduced tumour after NACT administration was the criterion for selection of the control group. The following parameters were monitored in both groups –⁠ duration of the surgery, blood loss objectivised by a difference in pre-operative and post-operative haemoglobin and haematocrit values, the need of blood transfusion, per-operative complications, early post-operative complications (up to 6 weeks after the surgery), duration of hospitalization and retaining the inserted epicystotostomy due to hypotonic bladder after discharge.

Results:
A therapeutic response allowing the radical surgery was achieved in 92% patients after NACT. After NACT the original tumour volume was reduced by 70% on the average (58% –⁠ 100%). No significant differences between the group of patients treated with NACT and undergoing subsequent radical hysterectomy and the control group were reported in terms of duration of the surgery (165 min. vs. 160 min.), blood loss (the difference in pre-operative and post-operative haemoglobin values 18 g/l vs. 19 g/l, the difference in pre-operative and post-operative haematocrit values 0.056 vs. 0.064), administration of blood transfusion (25% vs. 21%) and duration of hospitalization (9.5 days vs. 9.6 days). A significant difference was reported only in the need to retain the inserted epi-cystostomy after discharge (67% vs. 47%).

Conclusion:
There were no significant differences in the evaluated parameters of per-operative and postoperative morbidity in patients after NACT and in control patients, except for the necessary duration of artificial urine derivation in patients after NACT due to the fact that their surgery was more radical in the parametria. Administration of NACT regimen involving ifosfamide / cisplatin (IP) improved surgical conditions in the bulky squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Key words:
cervical carcinoma, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radical hysterectomy