Structure, function and medical significance of lipocalins
Authors:
M. Fořtová 1,2; R. Průša 1; D. Vajtr 3
Authors‘ workplace:
Ústav lékařské chemie a klinické biochemie 2. LF UK a FN Motol
1; Klinika nefrologie 1. LF UK a VFN
2; Ústav soudního lékařství a toxikologie 1. LF UK a VFN
3
Published in:
Klin. Biochem. Metab., 21 (42), 2013, No. 3, p. 112-121
Overview
The lipocalin protein family is a large group of small extracellular proteins. The family demonstrates great diversity at the sequence level; however, lipocalin crystal structures are highly conserved and comprise a single eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel, which encloses an internal ligand-binding site. They have been associated with a variety of different functions, among them transport of retinoids, steroids, bilins, pheromones, enzymic synthesis of prostaglandins, cryptic coloration, olfaction, immune response, cell regulation.
Lipocalin-2 (also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), which is a useful biomarker for early detection of various renal injuries, shows pleiotropic bioactivities in a variety of different cell types and tissues. It plays important roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis, organogenesis, inflammation, hematopoiesis, wound healing, renal physiology, tumor and reproductive biology.
Key words:
lipocalin, β-barrel, lipocalin-2, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
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Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism
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