One hundred and ninety years since discovery of chloroform –
history of inhalational anaesthetics. Part 2

Czech version

Authors: J. Málek ^1,2; P. Tůma ³
Authors‘ workplace: Klinika anesteziologie a resuscitace 3. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy a Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady, Praha ¹; Komise pro historii ČSARIM JEP ²; Ústav hygieny 3. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, Praha ³
Published in: Anest. intenziv. Med., 32, 2021, č. 2, s. 87-93
Category: Review Articles

Overview

The article presents discovery of chloroform and anaesthetic drugs that preceded its use or followed it as well as notable names connected with this history. Part two describes history of inhaled anaesthetics that we used since the beginning of the 20th century up to now.

Keywords:

history – inhalational anaesthetics – nitrous oxide – ether – Chloroform – ethen – cyclopropane – halogenated hydrocar bons – discovery – abuse

Sources

1. The Wood Library‑Museum. Ethyl chloride. [on‑ line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://www.woodlibrarymuseum.org/museum/item/68/ethyl‑chloride

2. Jacob AK, Kopp SL, Bacon DR, Smith HM. The history of anesthesia. In: Barash PG. Clinical anesthesia. 6th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2009: s. 3–26.

3. Dederer C. The induction of anesthesia and ethyl chloride. Cal State J Med. 1914; 12(10): 421–422.

4. Pastorová J. Příručka celkové anestezie. Zdravotnické nakladatelství v Praze, Praha, 1950: 128 s.

5. Ostelere G. The history of trichlorethylene anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1953; 8(1): 21–25.

6. Anesthesia Key. A History of Inhaled Anesthetics. [on‑ line] [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://aneskey.com/a‑history‑of‑inhaled‑anesthetics/

7. Wieland H. Acetylene anæsthesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1925; 2(3): 142–153. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/2. 3. 142

8. Goldman A, Goldman J. Nitrous‑oxide= acetylene=oxygen anæsthesia for extraction and oral surgery. Brit J Anaesth 1925; 3(2): 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/3. 2. 80

9. Divinyl ether. Wikipedia [on‑ line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Divinyl_ether

10. Finer B. Divinyl ether. Brit. J Anaesth 1965; 37: 661–666.

11. Rae ID. „Ideal“ gases: Anaesthetics in the heart of the twentieth century. International Workshop on the History of Chemistry 2015 Tokyo. [on‑line]. Dostupné z: http://kagakushi. org/iwhc2015/papers/22.RaeIan.pdf

12. Lucas GHW. The discovery of cyclopropane. Anesth Analg 1961; 40(1): 15–27.

13. Wikipedia. Harold Griffith. [on‑ line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Harold_Griffith

14. Jones R. A History of inhaled anesthetics. In: Eger II E, Saidman L, Westhorpe R (eds). The wondrous story of anesthesia. Springer, New York, NY 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 1-4614-8441-7_46

15. Calverley RK. Fluorinated anesthetics. I. The early years 1932 – 1946. Survey of Anesthesiology 1986; 30(3): 170–172.

16. SUKL. Penthrox [on‑ line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://www.sukl.cz/modules/ medication/search.php

17. Basak B. Isoflurane as a general anesthetic: Will it displace all other volatile anesthetics? [on‑ line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: [PDF] Isoflurane as a general anesthetic : Will it displace all other volatile anesthetics? | Semantic Scholar

18. Delgado‑Herrera L, Ostroff RD, Rogers SA. Sevoflurane: approaching the ideal inhalational anesthetic a pharmacologic, pharmacoeconomic, and clinical review. CNS Drug Review 2001; 7(1): 48–120.

19. Preckel B, Schlack W. Inert gases as the future inhalational anaesthetics? Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2005; 19(3): 365–379. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2005. 01. 002.

20. Cullen SC, Gross EG. The anesthetic properties of xenon in animals and human beings, with additional observations on krypton. Science 1951; 113(2942): 580–582.

21. Eger EI. A brief history of the origin of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Anesthesiology 2002; 96(1): 238–239. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200201000-00037

22. Kent C, Domino K. A history of drug addiction in anesthesia. In: Eger II E, Saidman L, Westhorpe R (eds). The Wondrous Story of Anesthesia. Springer, New York, NY 2014: 219–227.

23. Defalque RJ. Wright AJ: The short, tragic life of Robert M. Glover. Anaesthesia. 2004; 59: 394–400.

24. Linden JD. The Irish ether drinking craze. Catholicism, poverty and hard partying collide in 19th century Ireland. Psychology today 2011. [on‑ line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the‑compass‑pleasure/ 201106/the‑irish‑ether‑drinking‑craze- 0

25. Zandberg A. „Villages… reek of ether vapours“: ether drinking in Silesia before 1939. Med Hist. 2010; 54(3): 387–396. doi: 10.1017/s002572730000466x

26. Simmons J. Bring back ether. New Scientist 2006 [on‑ line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://www.newscientist.com/letter/mg19125630-800-bring‑back‑ether/

27. van Amsterdam J, Nabben T, van den Brink W. Recreational nitrous oxide use: Prevalence and risks. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015; 73(3): 790–796. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015. 10. 017.

28. Vaněček M. Těkavé látky. (Inhalanty). Bulletin Národní protidrogové centrály, Praha. 1998; 4: 5–11.

29. Pascali JP, Fais P, Viel G, Cecchetto G, Montisci M. Is old stuff back? A fatal case of ethyl chloride sniffing. Egypt J Forensic Sci 2019; 9: 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0136-4

30. Hess L. Dietyléter a chloroform – nejstarší inhalační anestetika se zajímavou historií. Remedia 2018; 5. [on‑ line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: http://www.remedia.cz/Okruhy‑temat/ Anesteziologie‑a- intenzivni‑pece/ Dietyleter‑a- chloroform‑nejstarsi‑inhalacni‑anestetika‑se‑zajimavou‑historii/ 8-R-2Dv.magarticle.aspx

31. Melnick M. What’s lança‑perfume? The drug from Rio’s bust you’ve never heard of time. 2. 12. 2010. [on‑line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://healthland.time.com/2010/12/02/ whats‑lanca‑perfume‑the‑biggest‑drug‑in‑rio‑youve‑never‑heard‑of/

32. Maia F. A blend of ether and chloroform is fueling a silent drug epidemic in Brazil. 20. 2. 2015. [on‑ line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://www.vice.com/en/article/ qkvx5d/a‑blend‑of‑ether‑and‑chloroform‑is‑fueling‑a- silent‑drug‑epidemic‑in‑brazil

33. Chloroform administration (193?). [on‑ line]. [cit. 2021-01-12]. Dostupné z: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=9VuCgf0RdQk

34. Terrell RC, Warner DS. The invention and development of enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. Anesthesiology 2008; 108: 531–533. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/ ALN.0b013e31816499cc

35. Terrell RC. Future development of volatile anesthetics. In: Hossli G, Frey P, Kreienbühl G (eds). ZAK Zürich. Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin / Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine 1986; 188. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-642-71269-2_12

36. Terrell RC, Warner DS. The invention and development of enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. Anesthesiology 2008; 108: 531–533 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/ ALN.0b013e31816499cc

37. Shelton CL, McBain SC, Mortimer F, White SM. A new role for anaesthetists in environmentally sustainable healthcare. Anaesthesia 2019; 74: 1091–1094. https://doi. org/10.1111/anae.14647

38. Charlesworth M, Swinton F. Anaesthetic gases, climate change, and sustainable practice. The Lancet 2017; 1: 216–217.

39. The Royal College of Anaesthetists. The anaesthetic impact calculator. [on‑ line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://anaesthetists.org/Home/Resources‑publications/ Environment/ Guide‑to‑green‑anaesthesia/ Anaesthetic‑gases‑calculator

40. ASA/APSF Guidance for Use of Volatile Anesthesic for Sedation of ICU Patients. [on‑line]. [cit. 2020-12-07]. Dostupné z: https://anesthesia.bidmc.harvard.edu/AnesPortal/Documents/ 2020_Covid_19/ICU/APSF%20Guidance%20for%20Use%20of%20Volatile%20 Anesthesic%20for%20Sedation%20of%20ICU%20Patients.PDF

41. Fernández‑Ginés FD, Cortiñas‑Sáenz M, Selva‑Sevilla C, Geronimo‑Pardo M. Sevoflurane topical analgesia for intractable pain with suicidal ideation BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care Published Online First: 29 June 2020. doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-002023

42. Imbernon‑Moya A, Ortiz‑de Frutos FJ, Sanjuan‑Alvarez M, Portero‑Sanchez I, Merinero‑Palomares R, Alcazar V. Healing of chronic venous ulcer with topical sevoflurane. Int Wound J 2017; 14(6): 1323–1326. doi: 10.1111/iwj.12806.

43. Jee JP, Parlato MC, Perkins MG, Mecozzi S, Pearce RA. Exceptionally stable fluorous emulsions for the intravenous delivery of volatile general anesthetics. Anesthesiology 2012; 116(3): 580–585. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182475d4d

44. Černý V, editor. Inhalační anestetika. Anest intenziv Med. 2020; 31(SUPPL. A): A3–A31, v tisku.