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News Current Status in the Issue of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Material by Italian and Swiss authors published in the European Respiratory Review details current insights into alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and the possibilities for its diagnosis and treatment. We provide a summary of the main points, including the specific option of augmentation therapy with exogenous AAT.
News Does adding statins to DOACs reduce the risk of major bleeding in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation?
A large retrospective study, the results of which were recently published, investigated to what extent the concurrent administration of statins is associated with a lower risk of major bleeding, including intracranial and gastrointestinal bleeding, in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
News Mental Health as an Overlooked Topic in Patients with Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an inflammatory, non-infectious disease primarily affecting the skin, and sometimes the nails, although in some patients, it manifests as psoriatic arthritis. To minimize the negative impact of these stigmatizing issues on patients' daily lives, not only optimal pharmacotherapy is crucial, but also the support of mental health.
News Urgent Administration of Romiplostim in Life-Threatening Bleeding Associated with ITP
Recommendations for the care of acute, especially major bleeding in individuals with severe immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are not entirely clear. Various methods (steroid boluses, intravenous immunoglobulins, platelet transfusions, etc.) can be used to quickly increase platelet count, but the response may not always be straightforward. Recently, reports have been published regarding the use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) specifically aimed at rapidly increasing platelet count. The use of romiplostim in patients with ITP and intracranial hemorrhage is illustrated by the following case studies.
News Hereditary Angioedema as a Clinical Picture of Excessive Activation of the Kinin Cascade – Case Report
Painful and potentially life-threatening swellings are characteristic of hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare genetically determined disease. Dutch authors present in a recently published review the case report of a young woman with a life-threatening laryngeal swelling.
News Comparison of the Efficacy of Tofacitinib and Vedolizumab in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis After Anti-TNF Therapy Failure
Therapeutic options for ulcerative colitis resistant to anti-TNF-α antibody treatment are available, but there were no studies comparing the selective immunosuppressants tofacitinib and vedolizumab in this patient population. The aim of this comparison was a multicenter French study, the first results of which were presented at the 17th ECCO Congress 2022.
News Comparison of Three Thromboprophylactic Regimens in Patients Post Pancreatic Surgery
Post-pancreatectomy bleeding and thromboembolic disease are among the serious complications of pancreatic surgeries. The aim of the study published last year in the British Journal of Surgery was to compare the efficacy and safety of different dosing regimens of low-molecular-weight heparin nadroparin in patients undergoing oncologic pancreatic surgery.
News Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Heart Failure in Patients with Diabetes
The proven benefit of one class of antidiabetic drugs – sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i; gliflozins) – in treating heart failure irrespective of diabetes presence, and their inclusion in therapeutic recommendations for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction of the left ventricle, brings to light unresolved questions regarding the link between diabetes and heart failure. A recently published article summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiology and pathophysiological connection of these two diseases, as well as the current recommended diagnosis and treatment.
News Emicizumab Changes the Lifestyle of Patients with Hemophilia A
At the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) meeting, data were presented regarding the impact of emicizumab on the lifestyle of people with hemophilia A.
News Interactive Case Study: Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in a Patient with Neurodegenerative Disease
We offer a brief case study of a polymorbid patient suffering from chronic pain, spasticity, and sleep disturbances, among other issues. Medical cannabis was advantageously introduced, helping to alleviate several symptoms. You can interactively explore how you would proceed in this case.
News Evaluation of the m7-FLIPI score in patients with follicular lymphoma revealed a promising predictive biomarker for determining suitable chemotherapy
The authors of a study presented at the December congress of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) in Orlando introduced a new prognostic tool, m7-FLIPI, for determining the risk level of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). They tested its utility using samples from the GALLIUM clinical trial and, during the analysis, discovered a promising biomarker that could help in selecting the primary chemotherapy for FL patients.
News Association Between Sartan Therapy and Lower Incidence of Epilepsy in Hypertensive Patients?
Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the non-cerebral comorbidities of epilepsy, with the renin-angiotensin system possibly being the central mediator of the connection between these diseases. The German study cited below therefore examined whether therapy with AT1 receptor blockers for angiotensin II (ARBs, i.e., sartans) reduces the risk of epilepsy in patients with AH as suggested by animal studies.
News Treatment of HFrEF with Sacubitril/Valsartan Does Not Have to Be the ‘Last Resort’
The TRANSITION study has provided evidence on the safety and efficacy of administering sacubitril/valsartan to patients after acute decompensation of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction of the left ventricle (HFrEF). A recent sub-analysis of its results suggested that not only patients with a long-known diagnosis but also those with newly diagnosed HFrEF could benefit from the treatment if the possibility of its prescription in this indication arises.
News MS in Children – An Overlooked Sister of Adult Diseases?
Multiple sclerosis is not just an adult disease. How common is it in children and how have current therapeutic possibilities advanced for this population both in our country and around the world?
News Recent Advances in Physiotherapy for Hemophiliacs
Physiotherapy specifically focuses on movement and the movement potential of the individual, with the purpose of restoring or maintaining maximum mobility and functional abilities throughout life. Numerous experiences have shown that physiotherapeutic procedures hold a key position for patients with hemophilia.
News Good Efficacy of Brigatinib After Failure of 2nd Generation ALK Inhibitors
Brigatinib is commonly used in the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the 2nd line after progression on a 1st-generation ALK inhibitor, crizotinib. American scientists in a phase II study focused on the efficacy of brigatinib in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC who had progressed on 2nd-generation ALK inhibitors.
News Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia – Meta-Analysis of 35 Randomized Controlled Trials
The authors from several American institutions examined the efficacy and safety of two proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9i) inhibitors, alirocumab and evolocumab, in their work. They conducted a systematic meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials comparing the administration of these two PCSK9i with standard treatment.
News Perioperative Management of Bleeding in Patients with von Willebrand Disease Using Coagulation Factors
Von Willebrand disease is one of the most common congenital bleeding disorders. It is a heterogeneous group of diseases with varying severity of clinical manifestations. Some patients require pharmacological prevention or treatment of bleeding as part of perioperative care. The administration of concentrates containing coagulation factors is currently the gold standard for certain types of von Willebrand disease.
News If Suicides Were COVID-19... or Why We Still Overlook a Significant Cause of Premature Deaths?
More than a year since the start of the pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has claimed 2.8 million lives globally, with 127 million recorded cases of COVID-19 (as of March 29, 2021). According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, there are 800,000 suicides annually, with suicide attempts being up to 20 times more frequent, totaling over 16 million. Given our current focus on physical health, are we overlooking the extent and importance of mental health issues in the population? This question has been raised by several experts from different countries in their submission to the February issue of The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.
News What Did 3 Years of Data from the Czech National COPD Database Reveal?
In December of last year, the Czech multicenter research database on COPD was completed. This was an extensive 5-year project in which researchers included 784 patients with significant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (FEV1 ≤ 60%) from 14 centers. This represents approximately 1% of the total number of patients with this diagnosis in the Czech Republic, making the study sample fairly representative for obtaining data on treatment in Czech real practice. Three-year data are currently available. What have they shown so far? This was summarized during this year's Hradec Pulmonology Days by Dr. Jaromír Zatloukal, Ph.D., from the Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases and TB at the Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc.
News Evaluation of Various VWF Concentrates Regarding Their Ability to Mediate Platelet Binding to Collagen
The study by London researchers on various VWF concentrates focused, among other things, on evaluating their ability to mediate platelet binding to collagen.
News The Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment of AATD in Preventing Pulmonary Emphysema
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a risk factor for the development of various diseases, including pulmonary emphysema. Currently, it is significantly underdiagnosed, and the availability of effective treatment is a reason for conducting its screening. The Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society ČLS JEP (ČPFS) recommends examining AAT levels in all patients with irreversible obstructive ventilatory disorders of any origin, direct relatives of patients with AATD, and individuals with chronic liver disease of unclear origin. The RAPID-OLE study has shown that treatment of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency modifies the course of this disease and underscores the importance of early intervention.
News Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Unsaponifiable Soy and Avocado Oil and Chondroitin Sulfate in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in adult patients, with its prevalence increasing with age, and these issues most frequently affect the knee joint. In the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (gonarthrosis), the so-called symptomatically slow-acting drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) are used, among which unsaponifiable soy and avocado oil or chondroitin sulfate are included. The study compared the efficacy and safety of these two drugs in a 6-month therapy of gonarthrosis.