Acute myeloid leukemia –⁠ how the approach to diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment options has changed

Overview

New findings in molecular biology have led to a better understanding of the diverse biological behaviour of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Based on molecular alterations, classification systems and diagnostic criteria have been modified to better reflect the biological nature of AML. The identification of molecular changes has also enabled more precise prognostic stratification and improved monitoring of treatment response. At the same time, targeted therapies are being developed. The most important drugs in this group include BCL-2 protein inhibitors (venetoclax), FLT3 mutation inhibitors, and IDH1/2 inhibitors. The treatment of AML is complex, highlighting the need for specialised expertise to ensure optimal therapy and achieve the best possible outcomes. Different subtypes of AML require different therapeutic approaches. This review summarises key developments in diagnosis, emphasises the importance of precise molecular genetic testing, and outlines new directions in treatment

Keywords:

venetoclax – AML (diagnosis) – AML (therapy) – MRD (measurable residual disease) in AML