Authors: R. Vobořil 1,2; J. Weberová 2; J. Dvořák 3 Authors‘ workplace: Chirurgická klinika, 3. LF UK a FNKV Praha, přednosta doc. MUDr. J. Fanta, DrSc. 1; Oddělení buněčné a molekulární biologie Centra biomedicínských oborů 3. LF UK a FNKV Praha, přednosta doc. RNDr. J. Kovář, DrSc. 2; Klinika onkologie a radioterapie, FN Hradec Králové, přednosta doc. MUDr. J. Petera, PhD. 3 Published in: Rozhl. Chir., 2005, roč. 84, č. 6, s. 281-285. Category: Monothematic special - Original
Background: Current screening methods of colorectal carcinoma are based on examination of occult bleeding in the stool, and further on endoscopic and irrigographical (barium enema) examinations. Population-based non-invasive screening method having high sensitivity and specificity is needed.
Methods: Detection of molecular alterations in colonocytes from the stool may be a promising new diagnostic tool for such screening. Determination of mutations in APC, K-ras, DCC, p53 genes and „long“ DNA may serve for early detection of colorectal cancer from stool samples. Multi-target DNA-assays employing all these markers suggest high sensitivity and specificity, unfortunately also expensiveness. Therefore finding a marker characteristic for all tumor cells would be desirable. Nuclear faktor-kappaB (NF-κB) could be such marker suitable for determination in colonocytes shed into the stool.
Conclusion: Molecular testing of stool for early detection of colorectal cancer may be a promising screening method for this disease. Large multicenter trials are required to validate results obtained from preliminary clinical studies.
Key words: colorectal carcinoma – stool – screening – mutation – DNA
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