Osteoprotective therapy with bisphosphonates or denosumab in patients with multiple myeloma: benefit and risks
Authors:
Zdeněk Adam 1; Jan Straub 2; Marta Krejčí 1; Luděk Pour 1; Dagmar Brančiková 1; Lenka Ostřížková 1; Viera; Sandecká 1; Martin Štork 1
Authors‘ workplace:
Interní hematologická a onkologická klinika LF MU a FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice
1; I. interní klinika – klinika hematologie 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze
2
Published in:
Vnitř Lék 2017; 63(5): 311-321
Category:
Reviews
Overview
Bisphosphonates have been used during the complete treatment of multiple myeloma for more than twenty years. They slow osteolysis and thereby contribute to the improvement of quality of life. Their long-term use, however, is related to 2 serious, usually later appearing complications: osteonecrosis of the jaw, occurring in 6–9 % of patients, and rarer atypical bone fractures. Both these complications are very difficult to heal, and all the more emphasis is therefore laid on prevention. This first of all includes discussion about the risk with the patient, followed by a dental checkup before the commencement of therapy and then repeated during its course, as well as reduced use of these drugs for a necessary period of time. However osteonecrosis of the jaw does not only develop as a consequence of bisphosphonate therapy. The complication is also caused by some new drugs (denosumab and others) used in cancer therapies. The text includes an overview of the drugs currently used in cancer treatment, which also increase the risk of appearance of osteonecrosis of the jaw. For patients with multiple myeloma, who achieve the complete or very good partial remission after chemotherapy, it is recommended to administer these drugs for more than 1 year after achieving the positive treatment response, but not longer than for 2 years. Only regarding those who do not reach the good treatment response, bisphosphonates are administered over the long term, as long as osteolytic activity of the disease lasts.
Key words:
atypical bone fractures – bisphosphonates – drug induced osteonecrosis of the jaw – multiple myeloma
Sources
1. Russell RG. Bisphosphonates: the first 40 years. Bone 2011; 49(1): 2–19. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2011.04.022>.
2. Marx RE. Pamidronate (Aredia) and zoledronate (Zometa) induced avascular necrosis of the jaws: a growing epidemic. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 61(9): 1115–1117.
3. Ruggiero SL, Mehrota B, Rosenberg TJ et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphophonates; a review of 63 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 62(5): 527–534.
4. Marx RE, Sawatari Y, Fortin M et al. Bisphosphonates-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63(11): 1567–1575.
5. Ferlito S, Liardo C, Puzzo S. Bisphosponates and dental implants: a case report and a brief review of literature. Minerva Stomatol 2011; 60(1–2): 75–81.
6. Montoya-Carralero JM, Parra-Mino P, Ramírez-Fernández P et al. Dental implants in patients treated with oral bisphosphonates: a bibliographic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010; 15(1): e65-e69. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/medoral.15.e65>.
7. Favia G, Piattelli A, Sportelli P et al. Osteonecrosis of the posterior mandible after implant insertion: a clinical and histological case report. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2011; 13(1): 58–63. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708–8208.2009.00181.x>.
8. Lenart BA, Lorich DG, Lane JM. Atypical fractures of the femoral diaphysis in postmenopausal women taking alendronate. N Engl J Med 2008; 358(12): 1304–1306. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc0707493>.
9. Tonogai I, Goto T, Hamada D et al. Bilateral atypical femoral fractures in a patient with multiple myeloma treated with intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. Case Rep Orthop 2014; 2014: 452418. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/452418>.
10. Puhaindran ME, Farooki A, Steensma MR et al. Atypical subtrochanteric femoral fractures in patients with skeletal malignant involvement treated with intravenous bisphosphonates. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93(13): 1235–1242. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.01199>.
11. Delmas PD, Charhon S, Chapuy E et al. Long term effects of dichloromethylene diphosphate (C12MDP) on skeletal lesions in multiple myeloma. Metab Bone Dis Relat Res 1982; 4(3): 163–168.
12. Lahtinen R, Laakso M, Palva I et al. Randomised, placebo controlled multicentre trial of clodronate in multiple myeloma. Finnish leukemia Group. Lancet 1992; 340(8827): 1049–1052. Erratum in Lancet 1992; 340(8832): 1420.
13. McCloskey EV, MacLennan IC, Drayson MT et al. A randomized trial of the effect of clodronate on skeletal morbitidy in multiple myeloma. MRC Working Party on Leukemia in Aduls. Brit J Haematol 1998; 100(2): 317–325.
14. Berenson JR, Lichtenstein A, Porter L et al. [Myeloma Aredia Study Group]. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal events in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1996; 334(8): 488–493.
15. Berenson JR, Lichtenstein A, Porter L et al. [Myeloma Aredia Study Group]. Long-term pamidronate treatment of advanced multiple myeloma patients reduces skeletal events. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16(2): 593–602.
16. Rosen LS, Gordon D, Tchekmedyian NS et al. Zoledronic acid versus placebo in the treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with lung cancer and other solid tumors: a phase III, double-blind, randomized trial – the Zoledronic Acid Lung Cancer and Other Solid Tumors Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21(16): 3150–3157.
17. Adam Z, Ševčík P, Vorlíček J et al. Kostní nádorová choroba. Grada: Praha 2005. ISBN 80–247–1357–8.
18. Menssen HD, Sakalová A, Fontana A et al. Effects of long-term intravenous ibandronate therapy on skeletal-related events, survival, and bone resorption markers in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20(9): 2353–2359.
19. Body JJ, Diel IJ, Lichinitser MR et al. Intravenous ibandronate reduces the incidence of skeletal complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases. Ann Oncol 2003; 14(9): 1399–1405.
20. Barrett-Lee P, Casbard A, Abraham J et al. Oral ibandronic acid versus intravenous zoledronic acid in treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer: a randomised, open label, non-inferiority phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15(1): 114–122. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470–2045(13)70539–4>. Erratum in Lancet Oncol 2014;15(2):e52-e53.
21. Body JJ, Lichinitser M, Tjulandin S et al. Oral ibandronate is as active as intravenous zoledronic acid for reducing bone turnover markers in women with breast cancer and bone metastases. Ann Oncol 2007; 18(7): 1165–1171. Erratum in Ann Oncol 2008; 19(3): 601.
22. Pecherstorfer M, Rivkin S, Body JJ et al. Long-term safety of intravenous ibandronic acid for up to 4 years in metastatic breast cancer: an open-label trial. Clin Drug Investig 2006; 26(6): 315–322.
23. Knauf W, Berger R, Kropff M et al. Compare – result of a randomised study to assess the renal safety and efficacy of ibandronate and zoledronate in multiple myeloma patients. Onkologie 2010; 33(Suppl 6): 246. Abstr. 824.
24. Geng CJ, Liang Q, Zhong JH et al. Ibandronate to treat skeletal-related events and bone pain in metastatic bone disease or multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ Open 2015; 5(6): e007258. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014–007258>.
25. Chen F, Pu F. Safety of Denosumab Versus Zoledronic Acid in Patients with Bone Metastases: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Oncol Res Treat 2016; 39(7–8): 453–459. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447372>.
26. Raje N, Terpos E, Willenbacher W et al. An international randomised trial comparing denosumab with zoledronic acid for the treatment of bone disease in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myelom. 16th international myeloma workshop. March 1–4 2017, New Delhi. Abstr. OP-046 e39.
27. Rosen LS, Gordon D, Kaminski M et al. Zolendronic acid versus pamidronate in the treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with breast cancer or osteolytic lesions of multiple myeloma. A phase III double blind comparative trial. Cancer J 2001; 7(5): 377–387.
28. Gimsing P, Carlson K, Turesson I et al. Effect of pamidronate 30 mg versus 90 mg on physical function in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (Nordic Myeloma Study Group): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11(10): 973–982. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470–2045(10)70198–4>.
29. Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory WM et al. First-line treatment with zoledronic acid as compared with clodronic acid in multiple myeloma (MRC Myeloma IX): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 376(9757): 1989–1999. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(10)62051-X>.
30. Morgan GJ, Child JA, Gregory WM et al. Effects of zoledronic acid versus clodronic acid on skeletal morbidity in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MRC Myeloma IX): secondary outcomes from a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12(8): 743–752. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470–2045(11)70157–7>.
31. Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory WM et al. Effects of induction and maintenance plus long-term bisphosphonates on bone disease in patients with multiple myeloma: the Medical Research Council Myeloma IX Trial. Blood 2012; 119(23): 5374–5383. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011–11–392522>.
32. Mhaskar R, Redzepovic J, Wheatley K et al. Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; (5): CD003188. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003188.pub3>.
33. Fung P, Bedogni G, Bedogni A et al. Time to onset of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Oral Dis 2017; ;23(4):477–483. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/odi.12632>.
34. Terpos E, Morgan G, Dimopoulos MA et al. International Myeloma Working Group recommendations for the treatment of multiple myeloma-related bone disease. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31(18): 2347–2357. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.47.7901>.
35. Snowden JA, Ahmedzai SH, Ashcroft J et al. Guidelines for supportive care in multiple myeloma 2011. Br J Haematol 2011; 154(1): 76–103. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365–2141.2011.08574.x>.
36. Terpos E, Sezer O, Croucher PI et al. The use of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma: recommendations of an expert panel on behalf of the European Myeloma Network. Ann Oncol 2009; 20(8): 1303–1317. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdn796>.
37. Kyle RA, Yee GC, Somerfield MR et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007 clinical practice guideline update on the role of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(17): 2464–2472.
38. García-Sanz R, Oriol A, Moreno MJ. [Spanish Myeloma Group (GEM/PETHEMA)]. Zoledronic acid as compared with observation in multiple myeloma patients at biochemical relapse: results of the randomized AZABACHE Spanish trial. Haematologica 2015; 100(9): 1207–1213. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2015.128439>.
39. Witzig TE, Laumann KM, Lacy MQ et al. A phase III randomized trial of thalidomide plus zoledronic acid versus zoledronic acid alone in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2013; 27(1): 220–225. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/leu.2012.236>.
40. D’Arena G, Gobbi PG, Broglia C et al. Pamidronate versus observation in asymptomatic myeloma: final results with long-term follow-up of a randomized study. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52(5): 771–775. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2011.553000>.
41. Musto P, Petrucci MT, Bringhen S et al. A multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing zoledronic acid versus observation in patients with asymptomatic myeloma. Cancer 2008; 113(7): 1588–1595. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23783>.
42. Henrich DM, Hoffmann M, Uppenkamp M et al. Tolerability of dose escalation of ibandronate in patients with multiple myeloma and end-stage renal disease: a case series. Onkologie 2009; 32(8–9): 482–486. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000226141>.
43. Bergner R, Henrich DM, Hoffmann M et al. Renal safety and pharmacokinetics of ibandronate in multiple myeloma patients with or without impaired renal function. J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 47(8): 942–950.
44. Bergner R, Henrich DM, Hoffmann M et al. Therapy of hypercalcemia with ibandronate in case of acute renal failure. Internist (Berl) 2006; 47(3): 293–296.
45. Diel IJ, Weide R, Köppler H et al. Risk of renal impairment after treatment with ibandronate versus zoledronic acid: a retrospective medical records review. Support Care Cancer 2009; 17(6): 719–725. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520–008–0553–7>.
46. Henrich D, Hoffmann M, Uppenkamp M et al. Ibandronate for the treatment of hypercalcemia or nephrocalcinosis in patients with multiple myeloma and acute renal failure: Case reports. Acta Haematol 2006; 116(3):165–172.
47. Jackson GH. Renal safety of ibandronate. Oncologist 2005; 10(Suppl 1): 14–18.
48. Epperla N, Pathak R. Hypocalcemia Secondary to Zoledronate Therapy in a Patient with Low Vitamin D Level. WMJ 2015; 114(4): 163–166.
49. Noriega Aldave AP, Jaiswal S .Severe resistant hypocalcemia in multiple myeloma after zoledronic acid administration: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8: 353. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752–1947–8–353>.
50. Kreutle V, Blum C, Meier C et al. Bisphosphonate induced hypocalcaemia – report of six cases and review of the literature. Swiss Med Wkly 2014; 144: w13979. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.4414/smw.2014.13979>.
51. Do WS, Park JK, Park MI et al. Bisphosphonate-induced Severe Hypocalcemia – A Case Report. J Bone Metab 2012; 19(2): 139–145. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2012.19.2.139>.
52. Atula S, Powles T, Paterson A et al. Extended safety profile of oral clodronate after long-term use in primary breast cancer patients. Drugs Safety 2003; 26(9): 661–671.
53. Markowitz GS, Appel GB, Fine PL et al. Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis following treatment with high dose pamidronate. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12(6): 1164–1172.
54. Markowitz GS, Fine, PL, Stack FJ et al. Toxic acute tubular necrosis following treatment with zolendronate (Zometa). Kidney Int 2003; 64(1): 281–289.
55. Sauter M, Jülg B, Porubsky S et al. Nephrotic-range proteinuria following pamidronate therapy in a patient with metastatic breast cancer: Mitochondrial toxicity as a pathogenetic concept? Amer J Kidney Dis 2006; 47(6): 1075–1080.
56. Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Fantasia J et al. American association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons position paper on medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw 2014 update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72(10): 1938–1956. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2014.04.031>.
57. Rosella D, Papi P, Giardino R. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Clinical and practical guidelines. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6(2): 97–104. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231–0762.178742>.
58. Fusco V, Santini D, Armento G et al. Osteonecrosis of jaw beyond antiresorptive (bone-targeted) agents: new horizons in oncology. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 15(7): 925–935. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2016.1177021>.
59. Qi WX, Tang LN, He AN et al. Risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients receiving denosumab: a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials. Int J Clin Oncol 2014; 19(2):403–410. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10147–013–0561–6>.
60. Estilo CL, Fornier M, Farooki A et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to bevacizumab. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(24): 4037–4038. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.15.5424>.
61. Greuter S, Schmid F, Ruhstaller T et al. Bevacizumab-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw. Ann Oncol 2008; 19(12): 2091–2092. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdn653>.
62. Brunello A, Saia G, Bedogni A et al Worsening of osteonecrosis of the jaw during treatment with sunitinib in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Bone 2009; 44(1): 173–175. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.08.132>.
63. Koch FP, Walter C, Hansen T et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to sunitinib. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 15(1): 63–66. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10006–010–0224-y>.
64. Fusco V, Porta C, Saia G et al. Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Treated With Bisphosphonates and Targeted Agents: Results of an Italian Multicenter Study and Review of the Literature. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 13(4): 287–294. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2014.12.002>.
65. Mawardi H, Enzinger P, McCleary N et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with ziv-aflibercept. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7(6): E81-E87. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jgo.2016.05.07>. Erratum to “Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with ziv-aflibercept”. [J Gastrointest Oncol. 2017].
66. Marino R, Orlandi F, Arecco F et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw in a patient receiving cabozantinib. Aust Dent J 2015; 60(4): 528–531. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adj.12254>.
67. Garuti F, Camelli V, Spinardi L et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw during sorafenib therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumori 2016; 102(Suppl 2). Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/tj.5000504>.
68. Giancola F, Campisi G, Lo Russo L et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to everolimus and bisphosphonate: a unique case report? Ann Stomatol (Roma) 2013; 4(Suppl 2): 20–21.
69. Kim DW, Jung YS, Park HS et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to everolimus: a case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 51(8): e302-e304. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.09.008>.
70. Durie BG, Katz, M, Crowley J. Osteonecrosis of the jaw and bisphosphonate. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(1): 99–102.
71. Bamias A, Kastritis E, Bamia C et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer after treatment with bisphosphonates: incidence and risk factors. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(34): 8580–8587.
72. Bedogni A, Fusco V, Agrillo A et al. Learning from experience. Proposal of a refined definition and staging system for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) Oral Dis 2012; 18(6): 621–623. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601–0825.2012.01903.x>.
73. Fedele S, Bedogni G, Scoletta M et al. Up to a quarter of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with antiresorptive agents remain undiagnosed. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53(1): 13–17. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.09.001>.
74. Marx RE. Oral and Intravenous Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. Quintessence: Chicago 2007.
75. Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Assael LA et al. American Association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons position paper on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws – 2009 update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67(5 Suppl): 2–12. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.01.009>.
76. Damm DD, Jones DM. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: A potential alternative to drug holidays. Gen Dent 2013; 61(5): 33–38.
77. Hellstein JW, Adler RA, Edwards B et al. Managing the care of patients receiving antiresorptive therapy for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: Executive summary of recommendations from the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. J Am Dent Assoc 2011; 142(11): 1243–1251.
78. Walter C, Al-Nawas B, Wolff T et al. Dental implants in patients treated with antiresorptive medication – a systematic literature review. Int J Implant Dent 2016; 2(1): 9.
79. de-Freitas NR, Lima LB, de Moura MB et al. Bisphosphonate treatment and dental implants: A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21(5): e644-e651.
80. Rugani P, Acham S, Kirnbauer B et al. Stage-related treatment concept of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw-a case series. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19(6): 1329–1338. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784–014–1384–1>.
81. Visekruna M, Wilson D, McKiernan FE. Severely suppressed bone turnover and atypical skeletal fragility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93(8): 2948–2952. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007–2803>.
82. Kwek EB, Koh JS, Howe TS. More on atypical fractures of the femoral diaphysis. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(3): 316–317. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc080861>.
83. Lee P, Seibel MJ. More on atypical fractures of the femoral diaphysis. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(3): 317–318.
84. Whyte MP. Atypical femoral fractures, bisphosphonates, and adult hypophosphatasia. J Bone Miner Res 2009; 24(6): 1132–1134. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.081253>.
85. Black DM, Kelly MP, Genant HK et al. [Fracture Intervention Trial Steering Committee; HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial Steering Committee]. Bisphosphonates and fractures of the subtrochanteric or diaphyseal femur. N Engl J Med 2010; 362(19): 1761–1771. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1001086>.
86. Breglia MD, Carter JD. Atypical insufficiency fracture of the tibia associated with long-term bisphosphonate therapy. J Clin Rheumatol 2010; 16(2): 76–78. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181cf3e3d>.
87. Schneider JP. Should bisphosphonates continued indefinitely. An unusual fracture in healthy woman and long-term bisphosphonate. Geriatrics 2006; 61(1): 31–33.
88. Wernecke G, Namduri S, DiCarlo EF et al. Case report of spontaneous nonspinal fracture in multiple myeloma pacient on long term pamidronate and zoledronic acid. HSS J 2008; 4(2): 123–127. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11420–008–9077–4>.Erratum in HSS J; 5(2): 204.
89. Grasko JM, Hermann RP, Vasikaran SD. Recurrent low-energy femoral Shift fractures and osteonecrosis of the jaw in a case of multiple myeloma treated with bisphosphonates. J oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67(3): 645–649. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2008.11.005>.
90. Waterman GN, Yellin O, Jamshidinia K et al. Metatarsal stress fractures in patients with multiple myeloma treated with long-term bisphosphonates: a report of six cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93(18): e106. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.00455>.
91. Adam Z, Sprláková-Puková A, Chaloupka R et al. Atypická fraktura metatarsální kostni u pacienta s mnohočetným myelomem, který byl dlouhodobě léčen bisfosfonáty. Vnitř Lék 2013; 59(11): 1022–1026.
92. Adam Z, Kozumplíková M, Pour L et al. Osteonekróza čelisti v průběhu podávání léčby mnohočetného myelomu bisfosfonáty. Vnitř Lék 2006; 52(2): 176–180.
Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicineArticle was published in
Internal Medicine
2017 Issue 5
Most read in this issue
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of adults – a case of prolonged hip pain diagnostics with a surprising conclusion: case report
- Osteoprotective therapy with bisphosphonates or denosumab in patients with multiple myeloma: benefit and risks
- Thoughts about valvular abnormalities yesterday and today
- Is it intestinal tuberculosis again? Case report