Immunoglobulin A and renal diseases
Authors:
K. Matoušovic 1,2; J. Mestecky 3; M. Tomana 4; J. Novák 3
Authors‘ workplace:
Interní klinika 2. lékařské fakulty UK a FN Motol, Praha, přednosta doc. MUDr. Milan Kvapil, CSc.
1; I. interní klinika Lékařské fakulty UK a FN Plzeň, přednosta prof. MUDr. Karel Opatrný, jr., DrSc.
2; Departments of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
3; Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
4
Published in:
Vnitř Lék 2006; 52(3): 256-262
Category:
Review
Overview
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a dominant immunoglobulin of the mucosal surfaces, but it is also present in plasma. In men and in hominoid primates it occurs in two subclasses: IgA1 and IgA2. Circulating IgA is mostly IgA1 monomer, secretory IgA is mostly dimer or tetramer with varying content of IgA1 and IgA2 on individual mucosal surfaces. Its main physiological function is a defence of the mucosal surfaces against infection. It binds either specifically to bacterial antigens or through its O-linked glycosidic chains, it binds to the lectins of bacterial cells and thus protects mucosal surfaces against bacterial adhesion and infection. On each of its heavy chain, IgA1 has at least two N-glycosidically bound oligosaccharides and 3 to 5 O-linked side-chains. The occurrence of O-glycosidically bound glycans on other circulating immunoglobulins is rare. An aberrant composition of these glycans may be an antigenic determinant for naturally occurring circulating antibodies. The resulting IgA-containing immune complexes, which are deposited in the glomeruli, may be the cause of IgA nephropathy. IgA glomerular deposits are also frequently present in many other primary and systemic glomerulonephritides.
Key words:
immunoglobulin A - urinary tract infection - IgA nephropathy - glomerulonephritis
Sources
1. Abraham SN, Duncan MJ, Li G et al. Bacterial penetration of the mucosal barrier by targeting lipid rafts. J Investing Med 2005; 53: 318-321.
2. Allen AC, Harper SJ, Feehally J. Galactosylation of N- and O-linked carbohydrate moieties if IgA1 and IgG in IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 100: 470-474.
3. Allen AC, Willis FR, Beattie TJ et al. Abnormal IgA glycosylation in Henoch-Schoenlein purpura restricted to patients with clinical nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 930-934.
4. Andre PM, Pogamp P, Chevet P. Impairment of jacalin binding to serum IgA in IgA nephropathy. J Clin Lab Anal 1990; 4: 115-119.
5. Arav-Boger L, Leibovici L, Danon YL. Urinary tract infection with low and high colony count in young women. Spontaneous remission and single dose vs. multiple-day treatment. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 300-304.
6. Ballinger S. Henoch-Schoenlein purpura. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003; 15: 591-594.
7. Barrat J, Feehally J IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 86: 2088-2097.
8. Basset C, Holton J, O´Mahony R et al. Innate immunity and pathogen-host interaction. Vaccine 2003; 21: 12-23.
9. Berger J, Hinglais J. Les depôts intercapillaires d’IgA-IgG. J Urol Nephrol 1968; 74: 694-695.
10. Berger J, Yaneva H, Nabarra B. Glomerular changes in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp 1977; 7: 3-14.
11. Bienenstock J, Tomasi TB Jr. Secretory gamma A in normal urine. J Clin Invest 1968; 47: 1162-1171.
12. Bogers WM, Stad RK, van Es LA et al. Immunoglobulin A: interaction with complement, phagocytic cells and endothelial cells. Complement Inflamm 1991; 8: 347-358.
13. Coppo R, Amore A. Abberant glycosylation in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 2004; 65: 1544-1547.
14. De Ree JM, Schwillens P, van den Bosch JF. Monoclonal antibodies raised against Pap fimbriae recognize minor component(s) involved in receptor binding. Microb Pathog 1987; 2: 113-121.
15. Dodson KW, Pinkner JS, Rose T et al. Structural basis of the interaction of the pyelonefritic E. coli adhesion to its human kidney receptor. Cell 2001; 105: 733-743.
16. Donadio JV. IgA nephropathy. Recent development. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 738-748.
17. Eden CS, Leffler H. Glycosfingolipids of human urinary tract epithelial cells as possible receptors for adherig Escherichia coli bacteria. Scand J Infect Dis 1980; Suppl. 24: 144-147.
18. Forshaw MJ, Guirguis O, Hennigan TW. IgA nephropathy in association with Crohn's disease. J Colorectal Dis 2005; 20: 463-465.
19. Galla JH, Spotswood MF, Harrison LA et al. Urinary IgA in IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura. J Clin Immunol 1985; 5: 298-306.
20. Garred P, Madsen HO, Marquart H et al. Appendix 1. Collection and processing of human mucosal secretions. In: Mestecky J et al. Mucosal Immunology. 3. ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press 2005: 1829-1839.
21. Garred P, Madsen HO, Marquart H et al. Two edged role of mannose binding lectin in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross sectional study. J Rheumatol 2000; 27: 26-34.
22. Godaly G, Bergsten G, Fischer H et al. Urinary tract infection and the mucosal immune system. In: Mestecky J et. al. Mucosal Immuniology. 3. ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press 2005: 1601-1612.
23. Goldhar J. Bacterial lectin-like adhesions: Determination and specificity. Methods Enzymol 1994; 236: 211-231.
24. Haas M. Incidental healed postinfectious glomerulonephritis: a study of 1012 renal biopsy specimens examined by electron microscopy. Hum Pathol 2003, 34: 3-10.
25. Hanson LA, Ashraf R, Cruz JR et al. Immunity related to exposition and bacterial colonization of the infant. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl. 1990; 365: 38-45.
26. Harraoka M, Hang L, Frendeus B et al. Neutrophil recruitment and resistance to urinary tract infection. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 1220-1229.
27. Hauer C, Waldherr R, Ritz E. Prevalence of immune complex-associated glomerulonephritis in hypertensive subject. J Hum Hypert 1994; 8: 181-183.
28. Hiki Y, Horii A, Iwase H et al. O-linked oligosaccharide on IgA1 hinge region in IgA nephropathy. Fundamental study for precise structure and possible role. Contrib Nephrol 1995; 111: 73-84.
29. Christmas TJ. Lymphocyte sub-populations in the bladder wall in normal bladder, bacterial cystitis and interstitial cystitis. Brit J Urol 1994, 73: 508-513.
30. Kaijser B, Ahlstedt S. Protective capacity of antibodies against Escherichia coli and K antigens. Infect Immun 1977; 17: 268-269.
31. Kanellopoulos TA, Vassilakos PJ, Kantzis M et al. Low bacterial count urinary tract infection in infants and young children. Europ J Pediatr 2005; 164: 355-361.
32. Kass EH. Asymptomatic infections of the urinary tract. J Urol 2002; 167: 1016-1019.
33. Malhotra R, Wormald MR, Rudd PM et al. Glycosylation changes of IgG associated with rheumatoid arthriris can activate complement via the mannose-binding protein. Nat Med 1995; 1: 237-243.
34. Mundi H, Bjorksten B, Svanborg C et al. Extracellular release of reactive oxygen species from human neutrophils upon interaction with Escherichia coli strains causing renal scarring. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 4168-4172.
35. Matoušovic K, Konečný K, Městecký J et al. IgA nefropatie. Význam glykozylace imunoglobulinu A a klinické projevy. Čas Lék Čes 2002; 141: 729-734.
36. Matoušovic K, Martínek V. IgA nefropatie. Užití moderních laboratorních metod a biopsie ledviny v diagnostice. Vnitř Lék 2003; 49: 869-973.
37. Mestecky J, Tomana M, Crowley-Nowick PA et al. Defective galactosylation and clearance of IgA1 molecules as a possible etiopathogenic factor in IgA nephropathy. Contrib Nephrol 1993; 104: 172-182.
38. Mestecky J et al. Mucosal Immunology 3. ed. Amsterdam: Elseviers Academic Press: 2005.
39. Monhart V. IgA nefropatie. Interní medicína pro praxi 2001; 10: 512-516.
40. Nossent H, Berden J, Swaak T. Renal immunofluorescence in the prediction of renal outcome in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis. Lupus 2000; 9: 504-510.
41. Ofek I, Goldhar J, Zafriri D et al. Anti-Escherichia coli adhesin activity of cranberry and bluberry juices. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1599.
42. Ofek I, Hasty DL, Abraham SN et al. Role of bacterial lectins in urinary tract infections. Molecular mechanisms for diversification of bacterial surface lectins. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 485: 183-192.
43. Osset J, Bartolome RM, Garcia E et al. Assessment of the capacity of Lactobacillus to inhibit the growth of uropathogens and block their adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells. J Infect Dis 2001, 183: 485-491.
44. Peeters AJ, van den Wall Bake AW, Daha MR et al. Inflammatory bowell diseases and ankylosing spondylitis associated with cutaneous vasculitis, glomerulonephritis and circulating IgA immune complexes. Ann Rheum 1990; 49: 638-640.
45. Prát V, Matoušovic K, Horčičková M et al. Prevence recidivující infekce močových cest polymikrobiální vakcínou Solco-Urovac. Čas Lék Čes 1989; 128: 181-183.
46. Reid G. The potential role of probiotics in pediatric urology. J Urol 2002; 168: 1512-1517.
47. Roos A, Bouwman LH, van Gijlswijk-Jansen H et al. Human IgA activates the complement system via the mannan-binding lectin pathway. J Immunol 2001; 1: 2861-2868.
48. Royle L, Roos A, Harvey DJ et al. Secretory IgA N- and O-glycans provide a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 20140-20153.
49. Rudd PM, Wormald MR, Dwek RA. Sugar-mediated ligand-receptor interactions in the immune system. Trends Biotechnol 2004; 22: 524-530.
50. Russell MW, Spotswood MF, Julian BA et al. Detection of food antigen-specific IgA immune complexes in human sera. Adv Exp Med Biol 1987; 216A: 813-820.
51. Russell MW, Sibley DA, Nikolova EB et al. IgA antibody as a non-inflammatory regulator of immunity. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25: 466-470.
52. Shaer AJ, Stewart LR, Cheek R et al. IgA antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis with Crohn´s disease: a case report and review of glomerulonephritis in inflammation bowel disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 41: 1097-1109.
53. Sharon N, Ofek I. Fighting infectious diseases with inhibitors of microbial adhesion to host tissues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2002; 42: 267-272.
54. Suganuma T. Glomerular IgA deposits in an autopsy study. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 1994; 36: 813-822.
55. Sxanborg-Edén C, Kulhavy R, Marild S et al. Urinary immunoglobulins in healty individuals and children with acute pyelonephritis. Scand J Immunol 1985; 21: 305-313.
56. Svanborg-Eden C, Svennerholm AM. Secretory immunoglobulin A and G antibodies prevent adhesion of Escherichia coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells. Infect Immun 1978; 22: 790-797.
57. Svanborg-Edén C, de Man P, Sandberg T. Renal involvement in urinary tract infection. Kidney Int 1991; 39: 541-549.
58. Svanborg C, Bergsten G, Fischer H et al. The “innate” response protects and damages the infected urinary tract. Ann Med 2001; 33: 563-570.
59. Topley N, Steadman R, Mackenzie R et al. Type I fimbriae strains of Escherichia coli initiate renal parenchymal scarring. Kidney Int 1989; 36: 609-616.
60. Tomana M, Schrohenloher RE, Reveille JD et al. Abnormal galactosylation of serum IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and members of families with high frequency of autoimmune disease. Rheumatol Int 1992; 12:191-194.
61. Tomana M, Matousovic K, Julian BA et al. Galactose-deficient IgA1 in sera of IgA nephropathy patients is present in complexes with IgG. Kidney Int 1997; 52: 509-516.
62. Tomana M, Novak J, Julian BA et al. Circulating immune complexes in IgA nephropathy consist of IgA1 with galactose-deficient hinge region and antiglycan antibodies. J Clin Invest 1999; 104: 73-81.
63. Tumlin JA, Lohavichan V, Hennigar R. Crescentic, proliferative IgA nephropathy: clinical and histological response to methylprednisolone and intrsavenous cyclophosphamide. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2003; 18: 1321-1329.
64. Uehling DT, Balish E. Antibacterial activity of urinary immunoglobulins. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 1977; 13: 421-424.
65. Van den Steen P, Ruud PM, Dwek RA et al. Concepts and principles of O-linked glycosylation. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 33: 151-208.
66. Vogt G, Chapgier A, Yang K et al. Gains of glycosylation comprise an unexpectedly large group of pathogenic mutations. Nat Genet 2005; 37: 692-700.
67. Vosti KI, Monto AS, Rantz LA. Host-parasite interaction in patients with infections due to Escherichia coli. II. Serologic response of the host. J Lab Clin Med 1965; 66: 613-626.
68. Woof JM, Mestecky J. Mucosal immunoglobulins. In: Mestecky J et. al. Mucosal Immunology, 3. ed. Amsterdam Elsevier Academic Press 2005: 64-82.
Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicineArticle was published in
Internal Medicine
2006 Issue 3
Most read in this issue
- Effect of administration of Escherichia coli Nissle (Mutaflor) on intestinal colonisation, endo-toxemia, liver function and minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis
- Extension of QT interval as a consequence of risk factor accumulation – case study
- Immunoglobulin A and renal diseases
- Non-invasive ventilation support in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)