The transplantation of the stem cells in cardiology

Czech version

Authors: R. Panovský; V. Kincl; J. Meluzín
Authors‘ workplace: I. interní kardio-angiologická klinika Lékařské fakulty MU a FN u sv. Anny, Brno, přednosta prof. MUDr. Jiří Vítovec, CSc., FESC
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2005; 51(4): 450-456
Category: Reviews

Overview

The transplantation of stem cells for the patients with cardiac diseases is relatively new method. The using of autological mononuclear cells of bone marrow appears as a brightest possibility. After application of the cells into myocardium man can expect an improvement of a left chamber myocardial function and perfusion – by differentiation of implanted cells parts into myocytes and new capillaries making cells. Besides an improvement of eject fraction we can see the positive effect of the bone marrow cells transplantation to the remodelation of left chamber with a thicker side of scar, an improvement of scar elasticity and a prevention of chamber dilatation. Also we can see an improvement of heart failure symptoms and myocardial ischemia. On histological level it is detected less apoptosis and hypertrophy of myocytes in peri-infarct zone, a reduction of collagen, higher density of capillaries and large amount of via-myocardium. Besides great optimism with setting up of the method there is a lot of problems and questions to carry over. Meanwhile we do not know the time of transplanted cells surviving. Also there is not assurance if it is better to apply non-differentiated cells immediately after their separation or if it is better to multiply them „in vitro“ before or to multiply them in cardiomyocyt and only then to apply them into myocardium. Permanently we find an ideal process of the cells application into myocardium. The important question is also an amount of cells, which is needed for the implantation – for example into an infarct centre for the reason of effective and complete regeneration of damaging tissue. It is sure it will have to be exerted still more and more human powers and financial resources to the confirmation if the method of stem cells transplantation can fill our future expectations and what actual way can reach a maximal effect.

Key words:
stem cells – cell transplantation – heart failure

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