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Peripheral nervous system involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Czech version

Authors: R. Moravcová
Authors‘ workplace: Revmatologický ústav Praha
Published in: Čes. Revmatol., 31, 2023, No. 1, p. 14-22.
Category: Reviews

Overview

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Nervous system involvement occurs in up to 80% of SLE patients. The diagnosis of neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE (NPSLE) is very difficult due to the diversity of clinical manifestations. NPSLE includes the involvement of both the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as disorders of the patient's psyche and cognitive functions.

Until now, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) has defined seven manifestations of peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, autonomic disorders, mononeuropathy, myasthenia gravis, cranial neuropathy, plexopathy, and polyneuropathy). Other peripheral manifestations, such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and thin fiber neuropathy, which are not included in the ACR nomenclature, are neglected and have not yet been well characterized in SLE. In addition, peripheral neuropathies in SLE may occur at the same or higher frequency compared to some central nervous system (CNS) syndromes and therefore represent an important, although poorly understood, cause of morbidity. In the review article, we will focus mainly on the clinical features, diagnosis, and therapy of various manifestations of PNS involvement in SLE.

Keywords:

Systemic lupus erythematosus – Peripheral neuropathy – neuropsychiatric involvement – central and peripheral nervous systém

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