Preimplantation genetic diagnosis and monogenic inherited eye diseases
Authors:
L. Hlavatá 1,2; Ľ. Ďuďáková 2; M. Trková 3; I. Soldátová 3; P. Skalická 2,4; B. Kousal 2,4; P. Lišková 2,4
Authors‘ workplace:
Oční klinika JL, s. r. o., primář MUDr. Ján
Lešták, CSc., FEBO
1; Ústav dědičných metabolických poruch
1. LF UK a VFN, Praha, přednosta: prof.
MUDr. Viktor Kožich, CSc.
2; GENNET, s. r. o., Praha, vedoucí lékař
MUDr. David Stejskal
3; Oční klinika, 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha
přednostka doc. MUDr. Jarmila Heissigerová, MBA, Ph. D.
4
Published in:
Čes. a slov. Oftal., 72, 2016, No. 5, p. 167-171
Category:
Original Article
Overview
Objective:
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an established application of genetic testing in the context of in vitro fertilization. PGD is an alternative method to prenatal diagnosis which aims to prevent the transmission of an inherited disorder to the progeny by implanting only embryos that do not carry genetic predisposition for a particular disease. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of eye disorders for which PGD has been carried out.
Methods:
The European literature search focused on best practices, ethical issues, risks and results of PGD for inherited eye disorders.
Results:
PGD is performed for a number of ocular disorders; a prerequisite for its application is however, the knowledge of a disease-causing mutation(s). The main advantage of this method is that the couple is not exposed to a decision of whether or not to undergo an abortion. Qualified counselling must be provided prior to the PGD in order to completely understand the risk of disability in any child conceived, consequences of disease manifestation, and advantages as well as limitations of this method. In the group of non-syndromic eye diseases and diseases in which ocular findings dominate, PGD has been performed in European countries for aniridia, choroideremia, congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles, Leber congenital amaurosis, ocular albinism, retinitis pigmentosa, X-linked retinoschisis, Stargardt disease, blepharophimosis-ptosis-inverse epicanthus syndrome and retinoblastoma. Sexing for X-linked or mitochondrial diseases has been carried out for blue cone monochromatism, choroideremia, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, macular dystrophy (not further specified), Norrie disease, X-linked congenital stationary night blindness, X-linked retinoschisis and nystagmus (not further specified).
Conclusion:
In recent years, there has been an increase in potential to use PGD. The spectrum of diseases for this method has widened to include severe inherited eye diseases.
Key words:
preimplantation genetic diagnosis; monogenic eye diseases; in vitro fertilization
Sources
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OphthalmologyArticle was published in
Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology
2016 Issue 5
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