Serum amyloid A and its clinical significance
Authors:
K. Vilímová 1; O. Michnová 1; P. Kušnierová 1,2
Authors‘ workplace:
Ústav laboratorní medicíny, Oddělení klinické biochemie, Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava, Ostrava
1; Ústav laboratorní medicíny, Lékařská fakulta, Ostravská univerzita, Ostrava
2
Published in:
Klin. Biochem. Metab., 30, 2022, No. 4, p. 111-116
Overview
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is one of the acute phase reactants. Its concentration in the organism rises in response to various stimuli, whether of infectious or non-infectious origin. SAA is an apolipoprotein that interacts with HDL, promotes the accumulation of leukocytes at the site of inflammation and the adhesion of platelets and participates in the removal of damaged cell membranes. SAA is water-insoluble, as is its precursor protein, which forms amyloid A deposits in various organs. Although the SAA value drops back to the minimum value after the reaction subsides, the organism no longer removes the amyloid A deposits from the tissues. Accumulation of amyloid in tissues results in their damage and limitation of function, and in the worst cases, leads to their failure. The formation of deposits in the tissues of organs is the basis of disease called amyloidosis.
Keywords:
serum amyloid A – Amyloidosis – inflammatory biomarker
Sources
1. Ryšavá, R. Systémové amyloidózy a jejich léčba: fyziologie, diagnostika, klinika. Praha: Maxdorf, c2013. Farmakoterapie pro praxi. ISBN 978-80-7345-341-1.
2. Maruna, P. Proteiny akutní fáze: fyziologie, diagnostika, klinika. Praha: Maxdorf, c2004. ISBN 80-859-1205-8.
3. Benditt, E. P., Eriksen, N. Amyloid protein SAA is associated with high density lipoprotein from human serum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1977, 74(9), s. 4025- 4028.
4. Elleder, M. Amyloid a amyloidosy. 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy [online]. Praha, 2009 [cit. 2019-10- 05]. Dostupné z: http://www1.lf1.cuni.cz/udmp/web2/ cell/amyloid.pdf
5. Pika, T., Heřmanová, Z., Flodrová, P. Laboratorní aspekty systémové AA amyloidózy. Klin. Biochem. Metab., 2017, 25(2), s. 56-58.
6. Takase, H., Tanaka, M., Miyagawa, S., Yamada, T., Mukai, T. Effect of amino acid variations in the central region of human serum amyloid A on the amyloidogenic properties. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2014, 31, 444(1), s. 92-97.
7. Srinivasan, S., Patke, S., Wang, Y., et al. Pathogenic serum amyloid A 1.1 shows a long oligomer-rich fibrillation lag phase contrary to the highly amyloidogenic non-pathogenic SAA2.2. J. Biol. Chem., 2013, 25, 288(4), s. 2744-2755.
8. Lu, J., Yu, Y., Zhu, I., Cheng, Y., Sun, P. D. Structural mechanism of serum amyloid A-mediated inflammatory amyloidosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2014, 8, 111(14), s. 5189-5194.
9. Meeker, A. K., Sack, G. H. Jr. A fusion protein between serum amyloid A and staphylococcal nucleasesynthesis, purification, and structural studies. Proteins. 1998, 30(4), s. 381-387.
10. Sack, G. H. Jr. Serum amyloid A - a review. Mol. Med., 2018, 30, 24(1), s. 46.
11. Masopust, J. Klinická biochemie: požadování a hodnocení biochemických vyšetření část II. Druhé, přepracované vydání. Praha: Karolinum, 1998. Farmakoterapie pro praxi. ISBN 80-7262-324-9.
12. Uhlar, C. M., Whitehead, A. S. Serum amyloid A, the major vertebrate acute-phase reactant. Eur. J. Biochem., 1999, 265, s. 501-523.
13. Furlaneto, C. J., Campa, A. A novel function of serum amyloid A: a potent stimulus for the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-8 by human blood neutrophil. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2000, 268, s. 405-408.
14. Jayaraman, S., Fändrich, M., Gursky, O. Synergy between serum amyloid A and secretory phospholipase A2. Elife, 2019, 21(8): e46630.
15. Liu, S. L., Wang, S. Y., Sun, Y. F., Jia, Q. Y., Yang, C. L., Cai, P. J., Li, J. Y., Wang, L., & Chen, Y. Expressions of SAA, CRP, and FERR in different severities of COVID-19. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 2020, 24(21), s. 11386-11394.
16. Tjendra, Y., Al Mana, A. F., Espejo, A. P., Akgun, Y., Millan, N. C., Gomez-Fernandez, C., & Cray, C. Predicting Disease Severity and Outcome in COVID-19 Patients: A Review of Multiple Biomarkers. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 2020, 144(12), s. 1465-1474.
17. Pang, R. T., Poon, T. C., Chan, K. C., Lee, N. L., Chiu, R. W., Tong, Y. K., Chim, S. S., Sung, J. J., Lo, Y. M. Serum amyloid A is not useful in the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin. Chem., 2006, 52, s. 1202-1204.
18. Chiba, T., Chang, M. Y., Wang, S., et al. Serum amyloid A facilitates the binding of high-density lipoprotein from mice injected with lipopolysaccharide to vascular proteoglycans. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2011, 31(6), s. 1326-1332.
19. O’Brien, K. D., McDonald, T. O., Kunjathoor, V., et al. Serum amyloid A and lipoprotein retention in murine models of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2005, 25(4), s. 785-790.
20. Cunnane, G. Amyloid precursors and amyloidosis in inflammatory arthritis. Curr. Opin. Rheumathol., 2001, 13(1), s. 67-73.
21. Mayer, F. J., Binder, C. J., Krychtiuk, K. A., et al. The prognostic value of serum amyloid A for longterm mortality among patients with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 2019, 27, 49(6), e13095.
22. Zhou, J., Sheng, J., Fan, Y., et al. Association between serum amyloid A levels and cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad. Med. J., 2018, 94(1115), 499-507.
23. Bozinovski, S., Hutchinson, A., Thompson, M., et al. Serum amyloid a is a biomarker of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 2008, 1, 177(3), s. 269-278.
24. Bozinovski, S., Uddin, M., Vlahos, R., et al. Serum amyloid A opposes lipoxin A4 to mediate glucocorticoid refractory lung inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2012, 17, 109(3), s. 935-940.
25. Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. Cell, 2009, 30, 139(3), s. 485-498.
26. Sano, T., Huang, W., Hall, J. A., et al. An IL-23R/IL-22 Circuit Regulates Epithelial Serum Amyloid A to Promote Local Effector Th17 Responses. Cell, 2015, 8, 163(2), s. 381-393.
27. Derebe, M. G., Zlatkov, C. M., Gattu, S., et. al. Serum amyloid A is a retinol binding protein that transports retinol during bacterial infection. Elife, 2014, 29, 3, e03206.
28. Mao, K., Baptista, A. P., Tamoutounour, S., et al. Innate and adaptive lymphocytes sequentially shape the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Nature, 2018, 8, 554(7691), s. 255-259.
29. Le, L., Chi, K., Tyldesley, S., et al. Identification of serum amyloid A as a biomarker to distinguish prostate cancer patients with bone lesions. Clin. Chem., 2005, 51(4), s. 695-707.
30. Jabor, A., Holub, Z., Franeková, J., Pavlisova, M., Bořil, P., Fenclová, E., Kliment, L. Sérový amyloid A jako efektivní marker stupně operační zátěže a rizika komplikací. Česká gynekologie., 2006, 71(2), s. 131-136.
31. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of systemic amyloidosis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences [online]. 2001, 356(1406), s. 203-211. DOI: 10.1098/ rstb.2000.0766. ISSN 0962-8436. Dostupné z: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2000.0766.
32. Beranová, M. Principy a příklady imunohistochemie – příručka pro studenty. Ústav histologie a embryologie LF UK v Plzni [online]. 2002 [cit. 2019-10-29]. Dostupné z: http://web.lfp.cuni.cz/Histologie/education/guides/ihc/ node11.html
Labels
Clinical biochemistry Nuclear medicine Nutritive therapistArticle was published in
Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism
2022 Issue 4
Most read in this issue
- Serum amyloid A and its clinical significance
- Determination of chlorides in serum by methods with ion-selective electrodes (ISE). Standardization without harmonization.
- 14-3-3 proteins and their clinical significance
- Budoucnost KBM od č.1/2023