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History of permanent pacing


Authors: J. Lipoldová;  M. Novák
Authors‘ workplace: LF MU a FN U sv. Anny, Brno ;  I. interní kardioangiologická klinika
Published in: Kardiol Rev Int Med 2006, 8(4): 166-173
Category: Editorial

Overview

50th anniversary of permanent pacing is approaching. Before its real formation there was a period of research, attempts with smaller or greater success. From the very beginning the limitation was not knowledge about heart electrical activity but contemporary technical possibilities, most of all searching for reliable energy resource, development of reliable pacing leads, simplifying of pacemaker implantation technique. After that, research of “physiological pacing” support was leading, with implementing possibility to sense intrinsic heart electrical activity, development of dual chamber pacemaker, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and biventricular devices. Nowadays diagnostic functions are expanding including new algorithms for management of arrhythmias etc. With growing complexity of pacing systems the spectrum of indication is larger and larger. Pacemaker is changing into computer or small robot, which is made to “think” as a doctor and to manager great number of possible problem situations.

Keywords:
history of pacing, Ni-Cd battery, Zn-Hg-O battery, demand pacemaker, standby pacemaker, nuclear pacemaker, Li-I battery, dual chamber pacing, ICHD code, pacing leads, sensor, NASPE/BPEG code


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