Disseminated intravascular coagulation in children

Czech version

Authors: Mazánek Pavel; Blatný Jan
Authors‘ workplace: Oddělení dětské hematologie a biochemie, Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy univerzity a Fakultní nemocnice Brno
Published in: Čes-slov Pediat 2022; 77 (5): 306-309.
Category: Chapters for Specialization in Pediatrics
doi: https://doi.org/10.55095/CSPediatrie2022/050

Overview

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome characterized by excessive systemic activation of coagulation, resulting in both hemorrhage and thrombosis. DIC can progress rapidly into life-threatening multiorgan failure. The diagnosis of overt DIC is based upon a combination of clinical findings and abnormal coagulation studies. The most important principle in managing a child with DIC is to identify and treat the underlying cause. DIC supportive therapy is focused on replacement of consumpted platelets and clotting factors.

Keywords:

bleeding – consumptive coagulopathy – disseminated intravascular coagulation – trombocytopenia – microtrombotization – multi organ failure

Sources

1. Levi M. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 2191.

2. Okamoto K. Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Intensive Care 2016; 4: 23.

3. Asakura H. COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Int J Hematol 2020; 7: 1–13.

4. Abshire TC, Gold SH, Odom LF, et al. The coagulopathy of childhood leukemia. Thrombin activation or primary fibrinolysis? Cancer 1990; 66: 716.

5. Ribeiro RC, Pui CH. The clinical and biological correlates of coagulopathy in children with acute leukemia. J Clin Oncol 1986; 4: 1212.

6. Pegelow C, Goldberg R, Turkel S, Powars D. Severe coagulation abnormalities in Reye syndrome. J Pediatr 1977; 91: 413.

7. Woods WG, Luban NL, Hilgartner MW, Miller DR. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the newborn. Am J Dis Child 1979; 133: 44.

8. Andrew M, Paes B, Milner R, et al. Development of the human coagulation system in the full-term infant. Blood 1987; 70: 165.

9. Buchanan GR. Coagulation disorders in the neonate. Pediatr Clin North Am 1986; 33: 203.

10. Favaloro EJ. Laboratory testing in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Semin Thromb Hemost 2010; 36: 458.

11. Penka M. Neonkologická hematologie. 2. vyd. Praha: Grada Publishing a.s. 2009.

12. Martini WZ. Coagulopathy by hypothermia and acidosis: mechanisms of trombin generatin and fibrinogen availability. J Trauma 2009; 67: 202– 209.

13. Coats TJ, Brasil E, Heron M, MacCallum PK. Impairment of coagulation by commonly used resuscitation fluids in human volunteers. Br Med J 2006; 23:846–849.

14. Levi M, Toh CH, Thachil J, Watson HG. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation. British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Br J Haematol 2009; 145: 24.

15. Hanada T, Abe T, Takita H. Antithrombin III concentrates for treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation in children. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1985; 7: 3.