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News Reverse Remodeling of LV in Patients with Diabetes/Prediabetes and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Treated with Empagliflozin
Authors of the British study SUGAR-DM-HF published in February 2021 examined whether empagliflozin reduces left ventricle (LV) volume in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), prediabetes, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF). This favorable reverse remodeling of the LV could be a mechanism through which empagliflozin achieves reduced hospitalization rates for heart failure and overall mortality in these patients.
News How to Most Effectively Delay Skeletal Events in Patients with Bone Metastases from Solid Tumors?
In a randomized Phase III study, the effectiveness of denosumab and zoledronic acid in preventing skeletal events in patients with multiple myeloma or solid tumors (excluding breast and prostate cancer) and bone metastases was evaluated. An ad hoc analysis of this study then involved only a subgroup of patients with solid tumors.
News Factors Predicting Longer Survival in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Trifluridine/Tipiracil
A recently published non-interventional analysis evaluated overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with favorable prognostic factors before initiating treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil compared to patients with unfavorable factors. It also identified which specific prognostic factors are favorable in terms of therapy effectiveness.
News Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir reduces the risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 even in the era of predominant omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5
One of the first studies to evaluate the efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection during the period of predominant omicron variants including subvariants BA.4 and BA.5 has provided real-world data confirming the position of this antiviral in the first line of treatment for patients with mild to moderately severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and a high risk of severe disease.
News What can we base the decision on for the choice of initial treatment modality for CLL?
We now have a range of highly effective treatment options for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). New drugs have significantly contributed to improved overall survival (OS). However, there are still questions about the most appropriate treatment regimen or criteria for choosing the initial therapeutic modality. Some of these questions are posed—and answers sought—by Professor John F. Seymour from the University of Melbourne in his recent communication.
News Quality of Life of Patients on Adjuvant Treatment for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
The KATHERINE clinical trial demonstrated that adjuvant therapy with trastuzumab emtansine compared to trastuzumab significantly improves invasive disease-free survival in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer and residual invasive disease after prior treatment. A post hoc analysis of this study was published in the journal Cancer, focusing on patient-reported outcomes related to quality of life during and after treatment.
News Facilitated Immunoglobulin Substitution Therapy in Paediatric Patients with Immunodeficiency – Real-World Data
Patients with humoral immunodeficiency are indicated for immunoglobulin substitution therapy. The study presented below summarizes real-world data concerning the latest substitution method (i.e., facilitated subcutaneous administration) in paediatric patients.
News Young man with nephrotic syndrome and portal vein thrombus successfully treated with edoxaban − case report
Venous thrombosis is one of the main complications of nephrotic syndrome (NS), though it is most often located in the renal vein. The following case report describes an adult patient with relapsing corticosteroid-dependent minimal change disease complicated by portal vein thrombosis and subsequent successful treatment with edoxaban.
News When Size Matters or What Is Small Is Effective
The systemic effect of an orally administered drug can be expected, among other things, if it has suitable physicochemical properties. How can insufficient absorption or poor solubility be solved? We provide the answer below.
News Insufficient dosing of enoxaparin is common in patients post-orthopedic surgery and increases the risk of thromboembolic disease
Orthopedic and traumatological procedures involving the pelvis and lower limbs are associated with a significant increase in the risk of thromboembolic disease. Therefore, prophylaxis with anticoagulants is recommended in the perioperative and postoperative period for these procedures. The most commonly administered anticoagulants are low molecular weight heparins, among which enoxaparin is included. A recently published study by authors from the University of Utah focused on insufficient dosing of enoxaparin and its impact on the development of thromboembolic disease within 90 days following the procedure.
News Presence of Risk Factors Associated with Colectomy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Studies with Tofacitinib
One of the important goals of active ulcerative colitis therapy is the prevention of colectomy. A clinical study, the results of which were recently presented at the Vienna UEG (United European Gastroenterology) congress, evaluated the association of risk factors and the use of tofacitinib with colectomy in patients with active ulcerative colitis in the OCTAVE clinical trial program.
News Need for Early Intervention in COPD − A Suitable Time for Mucolytic Treatment
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ranks third among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with more than 210 million people expected to be affected by 2030. While common, it is preventable and treatable. The mucolytic erdosteine has proven to be an effective helper in COPD therapy.
News Efficacy and Safety of Fenfluramine in the Treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome – An Overview of Current Knowledge
In a recently published article, British authors summarize the current knowledge on the efficacy and safety of fenfluramine (FFA) in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS, a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy). In addition to the reduction in seizure frequency demonstrated in clinical studies, they discuss the impact of fenfluramine on reducing the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), improving cognitive function in patients, and its safety concerning weight loss and heart disorders.
News Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Previous studies have shown that the antidiabetic drug empagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF), both in diabetics and non-diabetics. The aim of the EMPEROR-Preserved clinical trial was to supplement data on the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in a population of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; EF LK > 40%).
News Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Antibodies against the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) improve the survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, their use has not yet been tested in patients with resectable NSCLC. In 2018, the New England Journal of Medicine published the results of a pilot study of neoadjuvant therapy with nivolumab in patients with resectable NSCLC. Based on the promising results of this study, the investigative team subsequently decided to also test a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab.
News Does the emergence of resistance to cetuximab mean ineffectiveness of all anti-EGFR antibodies?
Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells respond to targeted therapy in different ways. Besides the desired outcome of cell death, CRC cells can adapt and survive through changes in their genome. It is important to recognize that the developed resistance to targeted therapy may, but does not necessarily, apply uniformly across a class of drugs or a single mechanism of action.
News Critical Overview of Clinical Studies on EHL FVIII Preparations
An international team of experts recently published a comprehensive work evaluating the methodology used in clinical trials of various extended half-life (EHL) factor VIII (FVIII) products. Their work does not directly compare the individual products but aims to assess the results of key registration clinical trials from the perspective of the hematologist and everyday clinical practice.
News Role and Possibilities of Telemedicine in the Management of Hemophilia Care
A team of Irish experts recently evaluated the current possibilities of telemedicine in the care of individuals with hemophilia – not only from the perspective of care provided by specialized comprehensive centers but also considering physiotherapy and dental care.
News Doc. Milan Sova: AAT substitution is available to all indicated patients. It is therefore crucial to now educate about the necessity of regular treatment
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is one of the most common genetic disorders in adults. It is usually associated with the early development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or liver damage. We discuss how modern substitution therapy can change patients' prognosis and when to consider this diagnosis with the head of the Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis at Masaryk University Faculty of Medicine and Brno University Hospital, Doc. MUDr. Milan Sova, Ph.D.
News Even in Severe Cases of HAE, Individualized Treatment is Crucial – Case Study
As part of the case seminar from the HAExpert series, held on December 1, 2021, which specifically focused on the treatment of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in specific patients, Dr. Roman Hakl from the Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology at MU Faculty of Medicine and St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno presented the case of a now 34-year-old woman with HAE and obesity (BMI 37 kg/m2), who additionally has a positive family history – the disease was also diagnosed in her mother, sister, and son.
News Cardiovascular Safety of Tofacitinib in Real-World Clinical Practice – Results of the STAR-RA Study
Recent results from the ORAL Surveillance clinical trial have raised concerns about the cardiovascular adverse effects of tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A comprehensive analysis of real-world clinical practice data, involving nearly 13,000 patients, focused on the cardiovascular safety of tofacitinib for this indication.
News Recommendations for Lipid Administration in Patients on Home Parenteral Therapy
Home parenteral therapy is an important part of treatment for patients with chronic intestinal failure who cannot achieve adequate nutrition through enteral feeding. An integral component of this therapy is lipid emulsion, which provides a source of energy and essential fatty acids. However, long-term administration of lipid emulsion may be associated with liver damage. According to available studies, the risk can be reduced by adjusting the dosage of lipid emulsion and preferring emulsions without soybean oil.
News To what extent does the delay between symptom onset and diagnosis of AATD affect patient survival?
The risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increased, among other things, by a deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AATD). However, there is often a delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of AATD, which is associated with worse clinical and functional status and a more advanced stage of the disease. The study presented below examined how this fact further affects patient survival.