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News What did the first data from the pilot lung cancer screening show?
Czech pulmonologists have released the first interim results of this year's pilot testing of heavy smokers due to the risk of lung cancer. More than 4,000 patients passed through the hands of general practitioners, and 900 subsequently underwent low-dose CT examination. What other specific findings emerge from the data collection? And what challenges do the experts involved in this program face?
News Subclinical Hypothyroidism Associated with the Use of Allopurinol? What the Results of a Large Multicenter Study Suggested
Allopurinol is a widely used drug for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. The retrospective study presented below investigated whether its long-term use is associated with an increased risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism.
News Risk of Subsequent Fractures in Postmenopausal Women After Initial Fracture
Osteoporosis is associated with an increased risk of fractures. The prospective analysis presented below examined the risk of subsequent fractures in postmenopausal women after an initial fracture depending on its location.
News View on the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Baricitinib Using the NNT Indicator
Clinical parameters assessed by patients themselves are an important tool in evaluating the effectiveness of new drugs and are particularly significant in the evaluation of treatments for chronic painful conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An analysis of clinical trial results presented at the European Rheumatology e-Congress in June 2020 focused on the effectiveness of the Janus kinase inhibitor baricitinib on parameters assessed directly by patients. Effectiveness was analyzed using the NNT indicator.
News Polatuzumab Vedotin in Combination Treatment of Patients with R/R DLBCL
Polatuzumab Vedotin is a conjugate of a cytostatic agent and an antibody against CD79b, a component of the B-lymphocyte receptor typically expressed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. In combination with bendamustine and rituximab (pola-BR), this drug is administered in the 3rd and subsequent lines of treatment for relapsed or refractory (R/R) DLBCL. If allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is not feasible, patients with R/R DLBCL generally have a very poor prognosis, with limited further treatment options. However, at the 61st American Society of Hematology (ASH) congress held in December 2019 in Orlando, promising results were presented from extended follow-up of patients treated in clinical studies with the pola-BR combination.
News Impact of Lifestyle on the Benefit of Pharmacotherapy for Hypertension and Dyslipidemia
Antihypertensive and hypolipidemic therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Observational studies have shown that factors of a healthy lifestyle also have this influence. But is the benefit of pharmacotherapy for hypertension and dyslipidemia influenced by adherence to a healthy lifestyle? This question was attempted to be answered by an analysis of data from the clinical study HOPE-3.
News Enoxaparin in Weight-Based Dosing for Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized Cancer Patients
Cancer patients are at higher risk of developing thromboembolic disease during hospitalization. Currently, there is not enough evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of the standard fixed dose of low molecular weight heparin in individuals at high risk of thromboembolic disease. Therefore, a Phase II clinical study evaluated the efficacy and safety of weight-adjusted dosing in these patients.
News New Era in Migraine Therapy
Migraine is the most common type of primary headache. It affects about 10% of the world population. Recurring migraine attacks significantly reduce quality of life. Therefore, research in pharmacotherapy in recent years has logically focused on preventing attacks. The result is the latest possibility of biological treatment for migraines using monoclonal antibodies against CGRP receptors.
News MS, NMOSD and COVID-19: What Did a Year of Pandemic in Czechia Mean for Our Patients and Which Risk Factors Were Confirmed?
What is the incidence and course of COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and diseases from the broader spectrum of neuromyelitis optica (NMOSD) in Czechia? And which risk factors pertain to this specific population? Data from the ReMuS registry, summarized in an article by Czech authors recently published in the journal Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, revealed this and more. We offer a unique insight into the issue of COVID-19 in these patients in our conditions.
News Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis: Network Meta-Analysis
A literature review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published in the journal Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine demonstrates the high efficacy and good tolerability of 6 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including etoricoxib, celecoxib, meloxicam, diclofenac, naproxen, and ß-D-mannuronic acid in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
News Prediabetes through the lens of current data and findings − and why hurry with intervention
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is one of the most common causes of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most serious impact on the health of the organism is mainly due to the macrovascular complications of this disease. However, their occurrence was often recorded before the diagnosis of DM2 was confirmed. Prediabetes itself thus represents a condition associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) complications with all their prognostic implications for patients.
News Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition in Adult Patients – Current Issues and Consensus
Micronutrients are a key nutritional component, and this is also true for patients whose condition requires the administration of parenteral nutrition. An article published last year in the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition summarizes the expert literature on this topic as well as current guidelines and addresses 14 clinically most relevant questions related to the importance, administration, and monitoring of micronutrients.
News Extended Thromboprophylaxis with Enoxaparin After Bariatric Surgery
A recent retrospective study involving 312 patients after bariatric surgery indicated that extended thromboprophylaxis might be an appropriate approach for preventing postoperative venous thromboembolism in these patients. In this study, the authors administered enoxaparin at a dose of 40 mg subcutaneously twice daily for 10-14 days in the majority of operated patients without an increased risk of bleeding.
News What is the Impact of Bisoprolol on Plasma Concentrations of Dabigatran
Many patients on anticoagulant therapy with dabigatran also use the beta-blocker bisoprolol. The Slovak prospective observational study was based on the assumption that bisoprolol, as a significant inhibitor of P-glycoprotein, may interact with dabigatran and focused on examining the effect of this beta-blocker on plasma concentrations of dabigatran.
News Can alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency affect severity and higher mortality in COVID-19 patients?
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is commonly found in the European population. The most cases are recorded in countries with the highest COVID-19 mortality rates. Are there direct correlations?
News Biosimilar Bevacizumab in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Biosimilar drugs are essentially analogous to generics for biological medicines. The patent protection for the original bevacizumab product will expire in the European Union in 2022. Consequently, several companies have already embarked on developing a biosimilar molecule.
News Prophylaxis with Enoxaparin After Total Knee or Hip Replacement
Venous thromboembolic disease is a significant cause of complications in surgical patients during and after hospitalization. The authors of a recently published Portuguese observational study evaluated the incidence of complications with prophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin in a population after hip or knee joint replacement.
News Clinical Results of the Pinnacle Acetabular System: Data from the UK Joint Replacement Registry
The Pinnacle Acetabular System has been available on the market for nearly two decades. Since then, it has been implanted in numerous healthcare facilities worldwide. Clinical outcomes of the acetabular system were evaluated by analyzing data from the National Joint Replacement Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Isle of Man.
News Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin as Adjuvant Therapy in Small-Cell Lung Cancer − Results of the RASTEN Study
Several studies and meta-analyses in the past have pointed to a possible positive effect of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) in the treatment of cancer. The RASTEN study therefore focused on the potential effect of enoxaparin in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).
News Does Dosage Frequency Matter for Adherence to Anticholinergic Treatment in Patients with COPD?
A study by Spanish authors compared the adherence of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to anticholinergic treatment administered once every 12 hours and once every 24 hours.
News Efficacy of Empagliflozin in HFpEF Patients – Comparison of Subpopulations with Preserved and Mid-Range LV EF
A sub-analysis of the EMPEROR-Preserved clinical trial examined the effects and safety of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) > 40%. What insights does it provide regarding the impact on cardiovascular (CV) mortality or the need for hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) concerning left ventricular function?
News Pegylated Liposomal Irinotecan + 5-FU/LV in the Treatment of mPDAC in Czech Clinical Practice – Results from the VILP Registry
At last year's annual congress of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and this year's 15th PragueONCO, results from the Czech VILP registry were presented. This registry collected data on patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) treated with pegylated liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV). The efficacy and safety of nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV in patients with mPDAC after failure or intolerance to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, as found in the randomized controlled study NAPOLI-1, are thus confirmed in real clinical practice in the Czech Republic.
News Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic CRC During 1st-Line Anti-EGFR Treatment Depending on the Presence or Absence of Hypomagnesemia
Hypomagnesemia is one of the side effects of monoclonal antibody therapy against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The study presented below examined overall survival in patients with metastatic primarily unresectable colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with anti-EGFR therapy depending on the presence or absence of hypomagnesemia.
News Mechanisms Connecting Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
Obesity has a close relationship with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus (DM); weight gain is associated with a higher incidence of both type 1 and type 2 DM. In the development of type 2 DM, depletion of pancreatic β-cells plays a crucial role, which can no longer produce sufficient insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. The development of diabetes is much more likely if β-cell failure is accompanied by increased insulin resistance. In obese patients, there is a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerol, pro-inflammatory cytokines, hormones, and other substances in the blood, which have a fundamental impact on insulin resistance.