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Články časopisu Treatment of liver cirrhosis –⁠ actually possibility of ambulant internist

Author of the article: Jiří Ehrmann, Květa Aiglová, Michal Konečný, Vlastimil Procházka, Drahomíra Vrzalová Source: Vnitřní lékařství | 7-8/2016 6. 9. 2016

News State of the Intestinal Microbiome and COVID-19 Infection −⁠ Possible Correlations

Some patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, during the course of COVID-19. Current knowledge suggests that COVID-19 symptoms are related, among other things, to the intestinal microbiome. Could the use of probiotics therefore act as a prevention of this disease or its more severe course?

Source: GI, colic and microbiome 16. 2. 2021

News Diagnosis and Management of Therapy for a Breastfeeding Patient with Significant Elevation of Liver Enzymes Postpartum –⁠ Interactive Case Study

In the following case study, we present a specific approach to a patient who developed a significant elevation of liver enzymes after childbirth. Through interactive elements, you can try out how you would proceed in diagnosing and treating this case.

Source: Primary Biliary Cholangitis 14. 4. 2023

News Prof. Hana Rosolová: According to recent studies, caution is needed with beta-blockers only in severe cases of asthma and COPD

Beta-blockers (BB) are among the most widely used drug groups in cardiology. While their position is clear in some indications, it is debated in others. Additionally, individual BBs differ in various aspects, which plays an important role in selecting the right treatment for a particular patient. We discussed some current topics related to beta-blockers with the head physician of the Center for Preventive Cardiology of the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine LF UK and FN Plzeň Prof. MUDr. Hana Rosolová, DrSc., FESC.

Source: Cardiovascular Continuum 23. 11. 2023

News Memantine in Dementia Therapy –⁠ Current Findings and Possible Future Applications

Memantine is an inhibitor of NMDA receptors, which are pathologically activated by excessive concentrations of glutamate in the synaptic cleft in Alzheimer's disease. It is indicated in the treatment of moderate to severe cases of Alzheimer's disease, often in combination with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. At the experimental level, its administration shows a number of promising effects, including an impact on diabetes associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases.

Source: Cognitive in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease 26. 1. 2022

News Alternative to benzodiazepines or clomethiazole in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a potentially life-threatening condition. A meta-analysis published in the journal Pharmacopsychiatry in September 2019 examines the effect of the combination of tiapridal and carbamazepine in the treatment of AWS. Is this combination a viable alternative to benzodiazepines or clomethiazole?

Source: Geriatric Patient 20. 3. 2020

News End of Unnecessary Biopsies? Prostate Health Index (PHI) in Detecting Aggressive Carcinoma

The Prostate Health Index (PHI) combines the results of three blood-derived parameters: total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), and [-2]proPSA (p2PSA) into a single numerical score: PHI = (p2PSA / fPSA × √tPSA). It is a marker used to differentiate patients indicated for prostate biopsy, enabling prediction of cancer aggressiveness and helping to choose the optimal course of action for a particular patient. Its benefit in distinguishing aggressive prostate cancer from indolent tumors or benign lesions was already proven in 2015.

Source: Prostate Health Index 2. 2. 2020

News Current findings on the treatment of gestational diabetes and DM2 in pregnancy with metformin

Recent reviews have shown that metformin is a safe alternative to insulin in the treatment of diabetes during pregnancy. For gestational diabetes (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), metformin administered to pregnant women has its benefits, but also certain risks.

Source: Modern Treatment of Diabetes 12. 3. 2024

News Current Indication Criteria for Testing Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes in Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Testing the mutation status of the BRCA1/2 genes can be beneficial for prevention, and in the case of already detected breast and/or ovarian cancer, also for direct treatment. We provide a brief overview of the current recommendations for testing based on the 2019 NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines and the recommended procedures of the Society of Medical Genetics ČLS JEP.

Source: Ovarian and Breast Cancer 16. 7. 2020

News Metamizole –⁠ wide possibilities of an analgesic with a unique mechanism of action and different routes of administration

Metamizole is a non-addictive pyrazolone analgesic with antipyretic effects, which differs from other non-opioid analgesics by its spasmolytic action. It is indicated in monotherapy and in combinations for the treatment of severe acute and chronic pain. Its high analgesic efficacy is evidenced by a low number of patients needed to treat to achieve at least 50% pain relief in 4-6 hours. The favorable safety profile of metamizole is supported by more than 100 years of clinical experience.

Source: Analgesia 30. 5. 2024

News Generic Substitution of Levothyroxine in Practice

The active ingredient levothyroxine is found in a significant number of medicinal products (MP) in the Czech Republic. The question of its generic substitution remains current, primarily because the previously published data tend to call for caution due to possible adverse effects on the patient.

Source: Thyroid Disorders 22. 2. 2024

News Benefit of Oral Semaglutide for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the General Practitioner's Office

Oral semaglutide is a modern antidiabetic suitable within primary care for people with type 2 diabetes, primarily due to its comprehensive action that includes not only reducing blood glucose and body weight but also a number of other favorable non-glycemic effects.

Source: Modern Treatment of Diabetes with GLP-1 Analogues 22. 5. 2024

News FDA Warns Against Self-Monitoring Glucose Using Smartwatches. What About in Czechia?

On February 21st, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning aimed at diabetic patients who measure their blood glucose levels (or are considering doing so) using smartwatches or rings. The warning naturally also targeted attending physicians who might encounter this method of non-invasive measurement in their patients. The Czech diabetologists we spoke to have only come across a few cases of this so far. Nevertheless, many of them believe it is necessary to discuss the topic with diabetics preventively and to actively work with those who decide to use such methods.

Source: 12. 4. 2024

News 10 Properties and Benefits of Gliptins: How They Work and When to Prescribe Them

General practitioners can now prescribe oral antidiabetics from the group of gliptins to patients with type 2 diabetes. Their therapeutic options are significantly expanded in the care of these patients. In the following text, we briefly summarize the mechanism of action of gliptins and their advantages over other oral antidiabetics.

Source: Diabetes 28. 8. 2020

News Parenteral Nutrition in Oncological Patients in Current ESPEN Recommendations

The current guidelines of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) address nutritional care in oncological patients −⁠ current knowledge is summarized in a total of 43 recommendations, from which we select some key points, focusing primarily on parenteral nutrition in these patients.

Source: Parenteral Nutrition 15. 3. 2022