Molecular diagnostics in thyroid nodule pathology: overview of current knowledge and clinical applications

Czech version

Authors: B. Bendlová; B. Peková Bulanová; K. Dobiášovská; O. Čillíková; K. Vyhnalová; M. Rodová; E. Václavíková; J. Včelák; V. Kuklíková
Authors‘ workplace: Oddělení molekulární endokrinologie, Endokrinologický ústav, Praha
Published in: Otorinolaryngol Foniatr, 75, 2026, No. 3, pp. 196-205.
Category: Review Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/ccorl2026196

Overview

Molecular diagnostics has become an integral part of modern thyroid histopathological examination over the past two decades. Its main contribution lies in refining the diagnosis of indeterminate cytological findings, in risk stratification of differentiated thyroid carcinomas, and in identifying predictive markers for targeted therapy. This review article summarizes current knowledge on molecular changes in thyroid tumors, available diagnostic platforms, and their clinical applications. Based on recent reviews, the role of molecular testing is discussed in the context of current WHO classifications and recommendations of professional societies, as well as its limitations and future perspectives. The overview is complemented by our own results and experiences.

Keywords:

thyroid gland – thyroid tumors – molecular diagnostics – fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland (FNAB)

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