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proLékaře.cz / Journals / Occupational Medicine / 2023 - 3-4

Brucellosis: overview of current information on the disease and analysis of human cases in the Czech Republic, 1982–2022

Czech version

Authors: M. Špačková 1,2;  J. Košťálová 1;  Z. Manďáková 1;  V. Vlasáková 3
Authors‘ workplace: Oddělení epidemiologie infekčních nemocí, Centrum epidemiologie a mikrobiologie, Státní zdravotní ústav, Praha vedoucí pracoviště MUDr. Jan Kynčl, Ph. D. 1;  Katedra epidemiologie, Fakulta vojenského zdravotnictví Univerzity obrany, Hradec Králové vedoucí pracoviště prof. MUDr. Roman Chlíbek, Ph. D. 2;  Oddělení bezpečnosti potravin, Odbor veterinární hygieny a ochrany veřejného zdraví, Ústřední veterinární správa Státní veterinární správy, Praha vedoucí pracoviště MVDr. Veronika Vlasáková 3
Published in: Pracov. Lék., 75, 2023, No. 3-4, s. 37-43.
Category: Original Papers

Overview

Introduction: Brucellosis is a highly contagious bacterial disease that occurs worldwide. In Europe, we can encounter the infection more in southern countries and among travellers. The aim of the work is an overview of current information on the disease and an analysis of brucellosis in the Czech Republic (CZ).

Methods: An overview of recent knowledge on brucellosis was built on scientific literature review. An analysis of published cases that occurred in the CZ and the former Czechoslovakia without time limitations in Czech, Slovak and English was performed, as well as a descriptive analysis of cases reported within the consequent national systems for infectious diseases reporting (ISPO, EpiDat and ISIN) in the CZ within 1982–2022. The data were further supplemented with data gained from weekly epidemiological situation reports from Czech regional public health authorities.

Results: A total of 27 cases of brucellosis in humans were reported in the CZ during the monitored period, of which 15 (55.6%) were men and 12 (44.4%) were women. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 73 years (median 34, average 35.3 years). Information on recent travelling was available for 14 cases and all 14 were classified as imported. Seven cases were hospitalized. The etiological agent was 24 times Brucella unspecified, once B. melitensis and twice B. abortus.

Conclusions: In the CZ, the occurrence of human brucellosis is currently limited to sporadic, imported cases. Brucellosis last occurred in CZ in bovine animals in 1964, but still can occur in wild animals, especially hares. Despite the efforts of veterinarians to control brucellosis, it is necessary to consider the disease in patients with a fever of unclear origin, particularly a prolonged one. A carefully taken epidemiological anamnesis is essential. Brucellosis reporting to public health authorities is mandatory in CZ, even if case in only probable or just the suspicion exist.

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