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proLékaře.cz / Journals / Forum Diabetologicum / 2020 - 1

Plant-based diet according to the NFI protocol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: pilot study

Czech version

Authors: Emil Martinka 1;  Janka Lejavová 2;  Marián Mokáň 3;  Ivan Tkáč 4;  Peter Galajda 3;  David Hickman 5
Authors‘ workplace: Národný endokrinologický a diabetologický ústav, n. o., Ľubochňa 1;  ALFA DIA, s. r. o., Liptovský Mikuláš 2;  I. Interná klinika JLF UK a UN Martin 3;  IV. interná klinika UPJŠ LF a UN LP v Košiciach 4;  NFI s. r. o., Liptovský Mikuláš 5
Published in: Forum Diab 2020; 9(1): 54-60
Category:

Overview

Introduction: The results of multiple studies have shown the importance of plant based diet and, conversely, of the elimination of food of animal origin in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These diets have also shown their benefits in relation to the reduction of obesity risk, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular and cancer morbidity and mortality as well as microvascular complications. Eating according to the NFI-protocol, similarly to the vegan diet, consists of legumes, nuts, seeds, fruit and vegetables and excludes any foods of animal origin. As a sophisticated characteristic of the diet according to the NFI-protocol, mutual and balanced interactions of chemicals contained in foods of plant origin are assumed, which should initiate reversible chemical reactions and subsequently affect multiple metabolic processes primarily targeting fat loss in the body, their metabolism and finally modification of insulin resistance.

Goal: The effect of a “plant based diet” according to the NFI (Natural Food Interactions) -protocol adhered to for a period of 3–6 months on the basic metabolic parameters relating to insulin resistance, tolerance of the diet and complications or adverse effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cohorts and methods: The study included 19 males and 19 females with DM2T at an average age of 58.4 ± 8.6 years and duration of T2DM for 9.4 ± 5.6 years.

Results: After 3–6 months of adherence to the diet according to the NFI-protocol a statistically significant decrease was recorded in HbA1c, fasting glycemia (FPG), body weight, BMI, waist circumference, total and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL/triglycerides ratio. It was needed to adjust pharmacological antidiabetic and antihypertensive treatment for multiple patients, which always involved its reduction up to discontinuation. Tolerance of and adherence to the diet was satisfactory. During the whole period of implementation there were no adverse effects, reactions or complications recorded. Temporary mild headaches were reported in 11 patients during the initial 2–3 days. Temporary gastrointestinal (GIT) problems in connection with a virus disease occurred in one patient for approx. 2–3 days. During that time the NFI-protocol was interrupted and then resumed three days after the GIT-related problems passed without coming back.

Summary: The diet according to the NFI-protocol in this pilot study has been shown as highly effective, safe and well tolerated. The decrease in HbA1c with an average of 1.98% of the DCCT standard occurred in all patients except for one, while the greatest decreases in HbA1c reached up to 3.8%. All patients recorded a body weight i.e. BMI decrease, in the range of 4 to 28 kg, or 1.6 to 10.1 kg/m2. Most patients also reached an improvement with regard to total cholesterol (78.6% patients), LDL- cholesterol (77.4% patients), triglycerides (87.1% patients) and HDL/TAG ratio (69.4% patients). Although the results are favourable and convincing, it is needed to verify them with a larger cohort and greater scope of the monitored indicators, including the follow-up on maintaining of the results.

Keywords:

diabetes mellitus – food interactions – NFI-protocol – plant based diet

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