Reticulate Eruptions: Pathophysiology, Etiopathogenesis, Classification
Authors:
M. Kovačevičová; S. Švestková
Authors‘ workplace:
Dermatovenerologická klinika FN Brno a LF MU Brno
přednosta prof. MUDr. Vladimír Vašků, CSc.
Published in:
Čes-slov Derm, 87, 2012, No. 6, p. 211-219
Category:
Reviews (Continuing Medical Education)
Overview
Terminology concerning livedo reticularis and livedo racemosa is not uniformly determined due to inconsistent classification in the past and to the use of different terms in different countries and medical specialties. The authors give a summary of actual knowledge about the physiology and pathophysiology of skin vascularization, about the main units of vascular supply, and angiosomes which give rise to the appearance of reticulate eruptions. They review the etiopathogenetic factors as well as the relationship of reticulate eruptions, inclusive retiform purpura to underlying systemic disorders. Practical approach to the diagnotics of reticulate eruptions is presented.
Key words:
skin vascularization – livedo reticularis – livedo racemosa – retiform purpura – livedo vasculopathy
Sources
1. BAKER, C., KELLY, R. Other Vascular disorders. In Bolognia, J. et al. Dermatology. 2nd Ed. New York: Mosby Elsevier, 2008, p. 1615–1626, ISBN 9781416029991.
2. CETKOVSKÁ, P., PIZINGER, K., ŠTORK, J. Kožní změny u interních onemocnění. Praha: GradaPublishing, 2010, s. 101–103, ISBN 978- 80 -247- 1004 -4.
3. DOWD, P. M. Reactions to Cold in Rook´s Textbook in of Dermatology. 7th edition, Blackwell science 2004, s. 23.7–23.12, ISBN 0632064293.
4. EHRMANN, S. Ein neues Gefässymptom bei Lues. Wien. Med. Wochensch, 1907, 16, s. 777–782.
5. FRANCES, C. Dermatological manifestation of Hughes´antifosfolipidanti body syndrom. Lupus, 2010, 19, p. 1071–1077.
6. FRITSCH, P., ZELGER, B. Livedo-Vasculitis. Hautarzt, 1995, 46, s. 215–224.
7. GIBBS, M. B., ENGLISH, J. C., ZIRWAS, M. J. Livedo Reticularis: an up date. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol., 2005, 52, p. 1009–1019.
8. HERRERO, C. Diagnosis and Treatment of Livedo Reticularis on the Legs. Actas Dermosifiliogr, 2008, 99, s. 598–607.
9. HORÁKOVÁ, M., POCK, L., BUREŠ, I. et al. Kalcifylaxe s kožními ulceracemi. Popis případu. Čes-slov. Derm., 2012, 3, s. 98–101.
10. KAUFMANN, R. Functional Angiopathies. In Burgdorf, W. H. C. et al. Braun-Falco’s Dermatology. 3rd Ed., SpringerVerlag, Heidelberg, 2009, p. 890–893.
10. MARTINEZ-VALLE, F., ORDI ROS, J. et al. Livedo racemosa as a marker of increased risk of recurrent thrombosis in patiens with negative anti-phospholipid antibodies. Med. Clin. (Barc), 2009, p. 767–771.
11. NYTROVÁ, P. Antifosfolipidový syndrom aneb syndrom, jenž může napodobit roztroušenou sklerózu. Neurol. Praxi, 2009, 10, 1, s. 54–57.
12. PARSI, K., PARTSCH, H., RABE, E. et al. Reticulate eruptions: Part 1. Vascular networks and physiology. Austr. J. Dermatol., 2011, 52, p. 159–166.
13. PARSI, K., PARTSCH, H. RABE, E. et al. Reticulate eruptions: Part 2. Historical perspectives, morphology, terminology and classification. Austr. J. Dermatol., 2011, 52, p. 257–244.
14. PEYROT, I. Bier’s white spots associated with scleroderma renal crisis. Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 2007, 32, 2, s. 165–167.
15. PIETTE, W. Cutaneous Manifestations of Microvascular occlusion Syndrome. In Bolognia, J. L. et al. Dermatology. 2nd Ed. New York: Mosby Elsevier, 2008, p. 331–345, ISBN 9781416029991.
16. STEIN, A. Histologie der kutanenVaskulitiden. Hautarzt, 2008, 59, s. 363–373.
17. ŠTORK, J. Choroby z poruch cirkulace. In Štork, J. et al. Dermatovenerologie. Praha: Galen 2008, s. 312–313, ISBN 978-80-7262-371-6.
18. UTHMANN, I. W. Livedo racemosa: A striking Dermatological Sign for the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. J. Rheumatol., 2006, 33, 12, s. 2379–2382.
19. VAŠKŮ, V., VAŠKŮ, J. The development of the pathophysiological concept of calciphylaxis in experiment and clinic. Pathophysiology, 2001, 7, 4, p. 231–244.
20. VOLLUM, D. I. Livedo Reticularis during Amantadine Treatment. BMJ, 1971, 2, s. 627–628.
21. WORLAB, J. Diagnostic impact and sensitivity of skin biopsies in Sneddon’s syndrome. A report of 15 cases. Br. J. Dermatol., 2001, 145, s. 285–288.
Labels
Dermatology & STDs Paediatric dermatology & STDsArticle was published in
Czech-Slovak Dermatology
2012 Issue 6
Most read in this issue
- Reticulate Eruptions: Pathophysiology, Etiopathogenesis, Classification
- Floppy Eyelid Syndrome Leading to a Diagnosis of a Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea
-
Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis –
Case Report - Individualized Pharmacotherapy of Plaque Psoriasis with Oral Methotrexate: Fiction or Reality?